Abstract
Combined use of chloropicrin (Pic) and 1,3-dicloropropene (1,3-D) is as effective as methyl bromide (MB) at controlling soilborne diseases in many trials and commercial uses. However, Pic and 1,3-D are both highly volatile and may pose strong exposure risks to humans and the environment. A gelatin capsule formulation containing Pic and 1,3-D has been developed to reduce exposure risks to workers and bystanders and improved application safety. We conducted two experiments in tomato and cucumber greenhouses located in Beijing and Qingdao, China, to study the efficacy of Pic plus 1,3-D gelatin capsules applied at different dosages and soil depths. Results indicated that both injection and gelatin capsules of Pic plus 1,3-D provided good control of soil nematodes and reduced disease index of Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode. Plant yield of tomato and cucumber treated with gelatin capsules was similar to MB treatment. Based on our results, gelatin capsules applied at a soil depth of 15 cm provided better control of soilborne diseases and led to higher fruit yield compared to an application depth of 5 cm. In conclusion, a gelatin capsule of Pic plus 1,3-D is a promising and novel formulation, which not only shows good efficacy in controlling soilborne diseases, but also reduces potential exposure risks of fumigants.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Gelatin capsules of chloropicrin plus 1,3-D provided good control of soil nematodes in greenhouse tomato and cucumber.
- Taxon
- tomato and cucumber
Cucumis sativus
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Treatment
- gelatin capsules of Pic plus 1,3-De1
- Interactor
- soil nematodese1pest
- Outcome
- control of soil nematodese1
- Setting
- greenhouses located in Beijing and Qingdao, Chinae2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results indicated that both injection and gelatin capsules of Pic plus 1,3-D provided good control of soil nematodes and reduced disease index of Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode”
e2“in tomato and cucumber greenhouses located in Beijing and Qingdao, China”
Claim · model-written summary
Gelatin capsules of chloropicrin plus 1,3-D reduced the disease index of Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode in tomato and cucumber.
- Taxon
- tomato and cucumberCucumis sativusSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- gelatin capsules of Pic plus 1,3-De1
- Second interactor
- root-knot nematode
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee1pest - Outcome
- disease index of Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematodee1
- Direction
- reducede1
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Results indicated that both injection and gelatin capsules of Pic plus 1,3-D provided good control of soil nematodes and reduced disease index of Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode”
e2“in tomato and cucumber greenhouses located in Beijing and Qingdao, China”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato and cucumber treated with gelatin capsules of chloropicrin plus 1,3-D gave plant yield similar to the methyl bromide treatment.
- Taxon
- tomato and cucumberCucumis sativusSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- gelatin capsulese3
- Outcome
- Plant yielde3
- Direction
- similare3
- Comparator
- MB treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“in tomato and cucumber greenhouses located in Beijing and Qingdao, China”
e3“Plant yield of tomato and cucumber treated with gelatin capsules was similar to MB treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Gelatin capsules applied at 15 cm soil depth gave better control of soilborne diseases than application at 5 cm.
- Taxon
- tomato and cucumberCucumis sativusSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- gelatin capsules applied at a soil depth of 15 cme4
- Outcome
- control of soilborne diseasese4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Comparator
- an application depth of 5 cme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“in tomato and cucumber greenhouses located in Beijing and Qingdao, China”
e4“gelatin capsules applied at a soil depth of 15 cm provided better control of soilborne diseases and led to higher fruit yield compared to an application depth of 5 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Gelatin capsules applied at 15 cm soil depth gave higher fruit yield than application at 5 cm.
- Taxon
- tomato and cucumberCucumis sativusSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- gelatin capsules applied at a soil depth of 15 cme4
- Outcome
- fruit yielde4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- an application depth of 5 cme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“in tomato and cucumber greenhouses located in Beijing and Qingdao, China”
e4“gelatin capsules applied at a soil depth of 15 cm provided better control of soilborne diseases and led to higher fruit yield compared to an application depth of 5 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
A gelatin capsule of chloropicrin plus 1,3-D is recommended as a promising formulation for controlling soilborne diseases.
- Taxon
- tomato and cucumberCucumis sativusSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- gelatin capsule of Pic plus 1,3-De5
- Outcome
- efficacy in controlling soilborne diseasese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“in tomato and cucumber greenhouses located in Beijing and Qingdao, China”
e5“In conclusion, a gelatin capsule of Pic plus 1,3-D is a promising and novel formulation, which not only shows good efficacy in controlling soilborne diseases, but also reduces potential exposure risks of fumigants”
The same questions in other papers
gelatin · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
soil · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.