Abstract
Core Ideas Soil salinity could be alleviated by proper use of N fertilizer. No alleviation effect of additional N fertilizer is seen under saline conditions in sunflower's seedling stage. A pot experiment might not be an acceptable substitute for field trail. Soil salinity (S) is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting crop production in arid and semiarid regions. This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of S and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on shoot and root biomass allocation of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) at different growth stages. Outdoor field and pot experiments were performed in the Hetao Irrigation District, China. The field study consisted of a 3 × 2 factorial design with three salinity levels (S 0 : electrical conductivity of a saturated‐paste extract [EC e ] = 1.9 dS m −1 ; S 1 : EC e = 7.4 dS m −1 ; S 2 : EC e = 12.7 dS m −1 ) and two N application rates (low: 45 kg N ha −1 ; moderate: 135 kg N ha −1 ); the S 2 treatment was not included in pot study. The results indicated that sunflower allocated more biomass to root under saline conditions in the seedling stage. However, a detrimental effect of moderate N application rate on seedling growth could be found at the S 1 level. Moreover, after bud initiation, a moderate N application rate accelerated shoot and root biomass accumulation at the S 0 and S 1 levels, but it still aggravated salt stress and inhibited sunflower growth at the flowering and mature stages at the S 2 level. In addition, our study indicated that the sunflowers planted in pots showed enhanced salt tolerance and decreased the root/shoot ratio earlier than sunflowers planted in fields. We suggest applying less N fertilizer before sowing at both the S 1 and S 2 levels and using proper additional N fertilizer in the bud stage at the S 1 level to promote sunflower growth after salt tolerance has been enhanced.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower allocated more biomass to root under saline conditions in the seedling stage.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Organ / stage
- seedling stagee1
- Treatment
- saline conditionse1
- Outcome
- biomass to roote1
- Direction
- moree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that sunflower allocated more biomass to root under saline conditions in the seedling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
A moderate N application rate had a detrimental effect on sunflower seedling growth at the S1 salinity level.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse2
- Treatment
- moderate N application ratee1
- Outcome
- seedling growthe1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Qualifier
- at the S 1 levele1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“However, a detrimental effect of moderate N application rate on seedling growth could be found at the S 1 level”
e2“The results indicated that sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
After bud initiation, a moderate N application rate accelerated shoot and root biomass accumulation at the S0 and S1 levels.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse2
- Organ / stage
- after bud initiatione1
- Treatment
- moderate N application ratee1
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomass accumulatione1
- Direction
- acceleratede1
- Qualifier
- at the S 0 and S 1 levelse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“after bud initiation, a moderate N application rate accelerated shoot and root biomass accumulation at the S 0 and S 1 levels”
e2“The results indicated that sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At the S2 level, a moderate N application rate aggravated salt stress and inhibited sunflower growth at the flowering and mature stages.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Organ / stage
- flowering and mature stagese1
- Treatment
- moderate N application ratee2
- Outcome
- sunflower growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- at the S 2 levele1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“but it still aggravated salt stress and inhibited sunflower growth at the flowering and mature stages at the S 2 level”
e2“a moderate N application rate accelerated shoot and root biomass accumulation at the S 0 and S 1 levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflowers planted in pots showed enhanced salt tolerance compared with sunflowers planted in fields.
- Taxon
- sunflowers
Helianthuse1 - Treatment
- planted in potse1
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- sunflowers planted in fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“our study indicated that the sunflowers planted in pots showed enhanced salt tolerance and decreased the root/shoot ratio earlier than sunflowers planted in fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflowers planted in pots decreased the root/shoot ratio earlier than sunflowers planted in fields.
- Taxon
- sunflowersHelianthuse1
- Treatment
- planted in potse1
- Outcome
- root/shoot ratioe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- earliere1
- Comparator
- sunflowers planted in fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“our study indicated that the sunflowers planted in pots showed enhanced salt tolerance and decreased the root/shoot ratio earlier than sunflowers planted in fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Less N fertilizer should be applied before sowing at both the S1 and S2 levels.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse2
- Outcome
- applying less N fertilizer before sowinge1
- Qualifier
- at both the S 1 and S 2 levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We suggest applying less N fertilizer before sowing at both the S 1 and S 2 levels”
e2“The results indicated that sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional N fertilizer should be applied in the bud stage at the S1 level to promote sunflower growth after salt tolerance has been enhanced.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Organ / stage
- bud stagee1
- Outcome
- using proper additional N fertilizer in the bud stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“and using proper additional N fertilizer in the bud stage at the S 1 level to promote sunflower growth after salt tolerance has been enhanced”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
62 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
72 papers more in this group
See all 76 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.