Abstract
The aim of this research was to perform the energy analysis of Jatropha in two water management (full irrigation and rainfed) and four levels of nitrogen fertilization: "150% (N150)", "100% (N100)", "50% (N50)", and "0% (N0)" of the fertilization recommendation for the crop. The study was developed in the experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, during the third growing season of Jatropha. Material and energy flow, energy balance (EB), and the energy return on investment (EROI) were determined for all water and nitrogen levels. The component that most contributed as energy input were fuels for all conditions (17.71 GJ ha-1). Among all the treatments, the highest energy incorporation (37.48 GJ ha-1) was observed in the N150 under irrigation. The increase for nitrogen applied, along with the irrigation usage, resulted in higher fruit yield and consequently input energy, despite the need for a greater energy investment. Without counting the residues in the analysis, only the N150 under irrigation was energetically efficient, presenting EROI of 1.04. Considering the residues, "N150" and "N100" with irrigation presented EROI of "1.15" and "1.06", respectively. Irrigation promoted an increase of "52", "63", "34" and "203%" in EROI for fertilization levels "N150", "N100", "N50", and "N0", respectively.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The highest energy incorporation of Jatropha, 37.48 GJ ha-1, was in N150 under irrigation.
- Treatment
- N150 under irrigatione1
- Outcome
- energy incorporatione1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 37.48 GJ ha-1e1
- Comparator
- all the treatmentse1
- Setting
- experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazile0
JatrophaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was developed in the experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, during the third growing season of Jatropha”
e1“Among all the treatments, the highest energy incorporation (37.48 GJ ha-1) was observed in the N150 under irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Without counting residues, only N150 under irrigation was energetically efficient, with EROI of 1.04.
- Treatment
- N150 under irrigatione2
- Outcome
- EROIe2
- Value
- 1.04e2
- Qualifier
- Without counting the residues in the analysise2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was developed in the experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, during the third growing season of Jatropha”
e2“Without counting the residues in the analysis, only the N150 under irrigation was energetically efficient, presenting EROI of 1.04”
Claim · model-written summary
Considering residues, EROI of N150 with irrigation was 1.15.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was developed in the experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, during the third growing season of Jatropha”
e3“Considering the residues, "N150" and "N100" with irrigation presented EROI of "1.15" and "1.06", respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Considering residues, EROI of N100 with irrigation was 1.06.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was developed in the experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, during the third growing season of Jatropha”
e3“Considering the residues, "N150" and "N100" with irrigation presented EROI of "1.15" and "1.06", respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased EROI by 52% at the N150 fertilization level.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was developed in the experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, during the third growing season of Jatropha”
e4“Irrigation promoted an increase of "52", "63", "34" and "203%" in EROI for fertilization levels "N150", "N100", "N50", and "N0", respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased EROI by 63% at the N100 fertilization level.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was developed in the experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, during the third growing season of Jatropha”
e4“Irrigation promoted an increase of "52", "63", "34" and "203%" in EROI for fertilization levels "N150", "N100", "N50", and "N0", respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased EROI by 34% at the N50 fertilization level.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was developed in the experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, during the third growing season of Jatropha”
e4“Irrigation promoted an increase of "52", "63", "34" and "203%" in EROI for fertilization levels "N150", "N100", "N50", and "N0", respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased EROI by 203% at the N0 fertilization level.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was developed in the experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, during the third growing season of Jatropha”
e4“Irrigation promoted an increase of "52", "63", "34" and "203%" in EROI for fertilization levels "N150", "N100", "N50", and "N0", respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen applied together with irrigation resulted in higher fruit yield and input energy despite greater energy investment.
- Treatment
- nitrogen appliede5
- Outcome
- fruit yield and consequently input energye5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- despite the need for a greater energy investmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was developed in the experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, during the third growing season of Jatropha”
e5“The increase for nitrogen applied, along with the irrigation usage, resulted in higher fruit yield and consequently input energy, despite the need for a greater energy investment”
Claim · model-written summary
Fuels were the energy input component that contributed most to Jatropha production, 17.71 GJ ha-1 across all conditions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study was developed in the experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, during the third growing season of Jatropha”
e6“The component that most contributed as energy input were fuels for all conditions (17.71 GJ ha-1)”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · yield · JatrophaResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.