Abstract
ABSTRACT: Understanding the weed interference with different sowing times of crop is inevitable for forecasting yield losses by weed infestation and designing sustainable weed management systems. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of sowing dates (20th November, 10th December) and various little seed canary grass (LCG) infestation levels (10, 20, 30 and 40 plant m-2) on growth and yield of wheat under semiarid conditions. Plots with two natural infestations of weeds including LCG (Unweeded control; UWC) and excluding LCG (UWC-LCG) were maintained for comparing its interference in pure stands with designated densities. A season-long weed-free (WFC) treatment was also run. All the weeds/LCG infestation levels starting from 10 LCG plants m-2 considerably reduced the wheat growth (leaf area index, crop growth rate, total dry matter accumulation) and hampered the yield contributing factors in both sowing dates. Presence of LCG was more detrimental for growth of late-sown wheat (10th Dec), therefore, 40 LCG plants m-2 recorded more reductions in growth indices of wheat even than UWC. In late sown wheat crop, the grain yield losses by 40 LCG plants m-2 and UWC were comparable, however, these losses were much greater than UWC LCG. In crux, delay in sowing of wheat not only reduced the crop growth and yield but also enhanced the LCG/weed interference. Furthermore, greater competitive ability of LCG particularly for late-sown wheat suggests that it should be controlled in order to provide healthy environment for crop plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All weed infestation levels from 10 LCG plants m-2 reduced wheat growth indices.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- weeds/LCG infestation levels starting from 10 LCG plants m-2e0
- Interactor
- LCGe0weed
- Outcome
- wheat growth (leaf area index, crop growth rate, total dry matter accumulation)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the weeds/LCG infestation levels starting from 10 LCG plants m-2 considerably reduced the wheat growth (leaf area index, crop growth rate, total dry matter accumulation)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed or LCG infestation hampered wheat yield components at both sowing dates.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- weeds/LCG infestation levelse0
- Interactor
- LCGe0weed
- Outcome
- yield contributing factorse0
- Direction
- hamperede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the weeds/LCG infestation levels starting from 10 LCG plants m-2 considerably reduced the wheat growth (leaf area index, crop growth rate, total dry matter accumulation) and hampered the yield contributing factors in both sowing dates”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
LCG impaired growth of late-sown wheat more strongly.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- LCGe0weed
- Outcome
- growth of late-sown wheate0
- Direction
- more detrimentale0
- Qualifier
- 10th Dece0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Presence of LCG was more detrimental for growth of late-sown wheat (10th Dec)”
Claim · model-written summary
Forty LCG plants m-2 reduced wheat growth indices more than natural unweeded infestations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 40 LCG plants m-2e0
- Interactor
- LCGe0weed
- Outcome
- growth indices of wheate0
- Direction
- more reductionse0
- Comparator
- UWCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“40 LCG plants m-2 recorded more reductions in growth indices of wheat even than UWC”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-sown wheat grain yield losses were comparable under 40 LCG plants m-2 and unweeded control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 40 LCG plants m-2e0
- Interactor
- LCGe0weed
- Outcome
- grain yield lossese0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- UWCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In late sown wheat crop, the grain yield losses by 40 LCG plants m-2 and UWC were comparable”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-sown wheat yield losses under 40 LCG plants m-2 and UWC exceeded those under UWC-LCG.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 40 LCG plants m-2e0
- Interactor
- LCGe0weed
- Outcome
- grain yield lossese0
- Direction
- much greatere0
- Comparator
- UWC LCGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In late sown wheat crop, the grain yield losses by 40 LCG plants m-2 and UWC were comparable, however, these losses were much greater than UWC LCG”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing reduced wheat growth and yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- delay in sowinge0
- Outcome
- crop growth and yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“delay in sowing of wheat not only reduced the crop growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed wheat sowing enhanced LCG and other weed interference.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- delay in sowinge0
- Interactor
- LCGe0weed
- Outcome
- LCG/weed interferencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“delay in sowing of wheat not only reduced the crop growth and yield but also enhanced the LCG/weed interference”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend controlling LCG, especially in late-sown wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- LCGe0weed
- Outcome
- it should be controllede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater competitive ability of LCG particularly for late-sown wheat suggests that it should be controlled in order to provide healthy environment for crop plants”
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