Abstract
Bio-organic fertilizer and different additives are widely applied to suppress soil-borne diseases. However, how different additives alter bulk soil microflora and thereby induce the healthy rhizospheric microflora remains unclear. A 3-season field experiment containing four fertilization management programs (chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, amino acid organic fertilizer, and bio-organic fertilizer was conducted in a tomato production agroecosystem with high disease incidence to evaluate the induced efficacy. The bacterial and fungal microflora of bulk and rhizosphere soil influenced by different management programs were performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Principal coordinate analysis based on the Bray-Curtis distance metric was performed to compare the similarities and differences of the bacterial and fungal community compositions among all soil samples. Soil amended with organic fertilizer, amino acid organic fertilizer, and bio-organic fertilizer progressively and significantly suppressed tomato diseases in comparison with chemical fertilizer, and bio-organic fertilizer presented the best efficacy in all seasons. Interestingly, rhizospheric and bulk soil bacterial and fungal communities of the different fertilization management programs were separated from each other. Six bacterial and 10 fungal rhizospheric genera positively correlated with the same genera observed in bulk soil showing significant relationships with tomato disease incidence were observed, and functional strain SQR9 can be detected in the bulk and rhizosphere soils of bio-organic fertilizer treatments. Additionally, the redundancy analysis results showed the genera in treated chemical fertilizer bulk soil were dominated by Ralstonia and Fusarium , the abundances of which were highest and lowest in treated chemical fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer rhizosphere, respectively. This study provided insights into soil-borne disease suppression by bulk soil management and confirmed that alterations to the bulk soil microbiota by different organic additives played distinct roles in the formation of rhizospheric soil microflora for the suppression of disease.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer, amino acid organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer progressively suppressed tomato disease relative to chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- organic fertilizer, amino acid organic fertilizer, and bio-organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- tomato diseasese0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil amended with organic fertilizer, amino acid organic fertilizer, and bio-organic fertilizer progressively and significantly suppressed tomato diseases in comparison with chemical fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer had the best disease suppression efficacy in every season.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- best efficacye0
- Direction
- beste0
- Qualifier
- in all seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-organic fertilizer presented the best efficacy in all seasons”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial and fungal communities differed among fertilization programs in both rhizosphere and bulk soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- different fertilization management programse0
- Outcome
- rhizospheric and bulk soil bacterial and fungal communitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rhizospheric and bulk soil bacterial and fungal communities of the different fertilization management programs were separated from each other”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Six bacterial rhizosphere genera correlated with matching bulk soil genera and tomato disease incidence.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- Six bacterial and 10 fungal rhizospheric generae0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- showing significant relationships with tomato disease incidencee0
- Setting
- bulk soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Six bacterial and 10 fungal rhizospheric genera positively correlated with the same genera observed in bulk soil showing significant relationships with tomato disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Functional strain SQR9 was detected in bulk and rhizosphere soil under bio-organic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizer treatmentse0
- Interactor
- SQR9e0other
- Outcome
- functional strain SQR9 can be detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“functional strain SQR9 can be detected in the bulk and rhizosphere soils of bio-organic fertilizer treatments”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ralstonia and Fusarium dominated chemical fertilizer bulk soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizere0
- Outcome
- dominated by Ralstonia and Fusariume0
Ralstonia
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the genera in treated chemical fertilizer bulk soil were dominated by Ralstonia and Fusarium”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ralstonia and Fusarium were highest in chemical fertilizer rhizosphere and lowest in bio-organic fertilizer rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- the abundancese0
- Direction
- highest and loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the abundances of which were highest and lowest in treated chemical fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer rhizosphere, respectively”
t0“tomato”
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fertilization · organism · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.