Abstract
The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a serious threat to tomato production in the world. Due to serious issues with insecticide resistance, there is a dire need for alternative control methods. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) have potential for the biological control of T. absoluta. In the laboratory, we examined the effect of temperature, soil type, and exposure time on the efficacy of the EPN species Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) against last-instar T. absoluta larvae. Both species caused high mortality in loamy sand (89%) and coco peat (93%) but not in sandy loam (17%). H. bacteriophora caused 92-96% mortality at 19, 25, and 31°C; S. carpocapsae caused 89-91% mortality at 25 and 31°C but only 76% at 19°C. Both species caused similar mortality levels after 65-min exposure; thereafter, mortality increased only with S. carpocapsae reaching high levels even at a low concentration. Both species infected larvae within leaf galleries. When applied to whole large tomato plants in the greenhouse, both species provided similar control levels (48-51%) at high pest densities. Both species could be incorporated as an effective alternative to synthetic insecticides into T. absoluta management programs in greenhouse tomato production.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Both nematode species caused 89% larval mortality in loamy sand.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Both speciese0
- Interactor
- Tuta absoluta
.jpg?width=60)
Tuta absolutat0pest - Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 89%e0
- Setting
- loamy sande0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Both species caused high mortality in loamy sand (89%)”
t0“Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta”
Claim · model-written summary
Both nematode species caused 93% larval mortality in coco peat.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Both speciese0
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutat0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 93%e0
- Setting
- coco peate0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both species caused high mortality in loamy sand (89%) and coco peat (93%)”
t0“Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta”
Claim · model-written summary
Both nematode species caused only 17% larval mortality in sandy loam.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Entomopathogenic Nematodest0
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutat0pest
- Outcome
- Tuta absolutat0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Setting
- sandy loame0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not in sandy loam (17%)”
t0“Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) with Entomopathogenic Nematodes”
Claim · model-written summary
H. bacteriophora caused 92-96% larval mortality at 19, 25 and 31°C.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- H. bacteriophorae0
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutat0pest
- Second interactor
- H. bacteriophora
_Poinar%2C_1975.jpg?width=60)
Heterorhabditis bacteriophorae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 92-96%e0
- Qualifier
- 19, 25, and 31°Ce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poinar%2C_1975.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“H. bacteriophora caused 92-96% mortality at 19, 25, and 31°C”
t0“Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta”
Claim · model-written summary
S. carpocapsae caused 89-91% larval mortality at 25 and 31°C.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S. carpocapsaee0
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutat0pest
- Second interactor
- S. carpocapsae
Steinernema carpocapsaee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 89-91%e0
- Qualifier
- 25 and 31°Ce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. carpocapsae caused 89-91% mortality at 25 and 31°C”
t0“Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta”
Claim · model-written summary
S. carpocapsae caused 76% mortality at 19°C.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S. carpocapsaee0
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutat0pest
- Second interactor
- S. carpocapsae
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 76%e0
- Qualifier
- 19°Ce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. carpocapsae caused 89-91% mortality at 25 and 31°C but only 76% at 19°C”
t0“Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta”
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality was similar for both nematodes after 65 minutes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutat0pest
- Outcome
- mortality levelse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- 65-min exposuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both species caused similar mortality levels after 65-min exposure”
t0“Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta”
Claim · model-written summary
After 65 minutes mortality increased only with S. carpocapsae.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S. carpocapsaee0
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutat0pest
- Second interactor
- S. carpocapsae
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- even at a low concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereafter, mortality increased only with S. carpocapsae reaching high levels even at a low concentration”
t0“Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta”
Claim · model-written summary
Both nematodes infected larvae within leaf galleries.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutat0pest
- Outcome
- infected larvae within leaf galleriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both species infected larvae within leaf galleries.”
t0“Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta”
Claim · model-written summary
On whole tomato plants, both nematodes gave 48-51% control at high pest density.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- both speciese0
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutat0pest
- Outcome
- control levelse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 48-51%e0
- Qualifier
- high pest densitiese0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied to whole large tomato plants in the greenhouse, both species provided similar control levels (48-51%) at high pest densities.”
t0“Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend both nematodes as alternatives to synthetic insecticides in greenhouse tomato management.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae0pest
- Outcome
- incorporated as an effective alternative to synthetic insecticidese0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both species could be incorporated as an effective alternative to synthetic insecticides into T. absoluta management programs in greenhouse tomato production.”
The same questions in other papers
Steinernema carpocapsae · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
biocontrol · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.