Abstract
Because of the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds, such as barnyardgrass and red rice in rice, there is a need for alternative herbicide sites of action. Very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA)-inhibiting herbicides are not labeled for use in U.S. rice production; however, this site of action (SOA) has been used with success in Asian rice. The VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides pethoxamid, pyroxasulfone, acetochlor, and S-metolachlor were evaluated for rice tolerance and control of commonly problematic weeds in Arkansas rice at various rates and application timings. Pyroxasulfone and S-metolachlor were deemed unfit for use in rice production because of negative effects on rice visual injury, rough rice yield, height, shoot density, and heading. Pethoxamid and acetochlor were used with little detriment to the rice crop when applied no earlier than the 1-lf growth stage. Along with minimal rice injury, pethoxamid controlled barnyardgrass all season when used in a program with other common rice herbicides such as clomazone, imazethapyr, or quinclorac. Considering the minimal injury observed, pethoxamid and acetochlor should be considered for integration into U.S. rice production to represent a unique herbicide SOA to use in rotation, sequential application, or tank mixtures with other rice herbicides. Nomenclature: Acetochlor; pethoxamid; pyroxasulfone; S-metolachlor; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.; red rice, Oryza sativa var. sylvatica L.; rice, Oryza sativa L. Key words: weed control, herbicide-resistant weeds, herbicide sites of action
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone harmed rice injury, yield, height, shoot density and heading outcomes.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Pyroxasulfonee0
- Outcome
- rice visual injury, rough rice yield, height, shoot density, and headinge0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone and S-metolachlor were deemed unfit for use in rice production because of negative effects on rice visual injury, rough rice yield, height, shoot density, and heading”
Claim · model-written summary
S-metolachlor harmed rice injury, yield, height, shoot density and heading outcomes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- S-metolachlore0
- Outcome
- rice visual injury, rough rice yield, height, shoot density, and headinge0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone and S-metolachlor were deemed unfit for use in rice production because of negative effects on rice visual injury, rough rice yield, height, shoot density, and heading”
Claim · model-written summary
Pethoxamid caused little detriment to rice when applied no earlier than the one-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Pethoxamide0
- Outcome
- detriment to the rice crope0
- Direction
- little detrimente0
- Qualifier
- no earlier than the 1-lf growth stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pethoxamid and acetochlor were used with little detriment to the rice crop when applied no earlier than the 1-lf growth stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetochlor caused little detriment to rice when applied no earlier than the one-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- acetochlore0
- Outcome
- detriment to the rice crope0
- Direction
- little detrimente0
- Qualifier
- no earlier than the 1-lf growth stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pethoxamid and acetochlor were used with little detriment to the rice crop when applied no earlier than the 1-lf growth stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Pethoxamid in a program with other rice herbicides controlled barnyardgrass all season.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- pethoxamide0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- barnyardgrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Qualifier
- all seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pethoxamid controlled barnyardgrass all season when used in a program with other common rice herbicides such as clomazone, imazethapyr, or quinclorac”
e1“rice crop”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend integrating pethoxamid into U.S. rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pethoxamide0
- Outcome
- integration into U.S. rice productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pethoxamid and acetochlor should be considered for integration into U.S. rice production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend integrating acetochlor into U.S. rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- acetochlore0
- Outcome
- integration into U.S. rice productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pethoxamid and acetochlor should be considered for integration into U.S. rice production”
The same questions in other papers
acetochlor · organism · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
pyroxasulfone · crop injury · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →pethoxamide · Echinochloa crus-galli · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.