Abstract
Chromosomal attributes of the critically endangered medicinal plant Swertia chirayita along with its allied species S. nervosa and S. bimaculata are precisely essential to assess phylogenetic relationships. The present study deals with karyomorphometric analysis based on patterns of fluorescence chromosome banding and nuclear genome size estimation by flow cytometry reported for the first time in S. chirayita (2n=26), S. nervosa (2n=26) and S. bimaculata (2n=26). Fluorescent banding revealed the distinct differences in chromosomal CMA+ve/DAPI−ve heterochromatic sites among the species. There were six chromosomes with CMA+ve signals in S. chirayita and two chromosomes with CMA+ve signals in S. bimaculata whereas all chromosomes of S. nervosa displayed CMA+ve signals. Due to a difference in CMA banding pattern, proportion of GC rich regions differed among the chromosomes of S. chirayita (3.32%), S. nervosa (18.76%), and S. bimaculata (0.64%). S. bimaculata had the highest 2C DNA content (9.82 pg/2C) compared to S. nervosa (1.95 pg/2C) and S. chirayita (1.09 pg/2C). Lowest amount of GC-rich CMA sites along with highest DNA content distinguished S. bimaculata from the other two species. A nearly nine-fold difference in nuclear genome size among the homoploid species of Swertia (2n=26) and particular chromosomal discrimination by localized CMA bands allowed interpretation of karyotypic affiliations in the three species of Swertia.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
S. chirayita: chromosomes with CMA+ve signals was six chromosomes.
- Taxon
- S. chirayita
.jpg?width=60)
Swertia chirayitae0 - Outcome
- chromosomes with CMA+ve signalse0
- Value
- six chromosomese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“There were six chromosomes with CMA+ve signals in S. chirayita”
Claim · model-written summary
S. bimaculata: chromosomes with CMA+ve signals was two chromosomes.
- Taxon
- S. bimaculata
.jpg?width=60)
Swertia bimaculatae0 - Outcome
- chromosomes with CMA+ve signalse0
- Value
- two chromosomese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“two chromosomes with CMA+ve signals in S. bimaculata”
Claim · model-written summary
All S. nervosa chromosomes displayed CMA positive signals.
- Taxon
- S. nervosaSwertia nervosae0
- Outcome
- all chromosomes of S. nervosa displayed CMA+ve signalse0
Verbatim
e0“all chromosomes of S. nervosa displayed CMA+ve signals”
Claim · model-written summary
S. chirayita: proportion of GC rich regions was 3.32%.
- Taxon
- S. chirayitaSwertia chirayitae0
- Outcome
- proportion of GC rich regionse0
- Value
- 3.32%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proportion of GC rich regions differed among the chromosomes of S. chirayita (3.32%)”
Claim · model-written summary
S. nervosa: proportion of GC rich regions was 18.76%.
- Taxon
- S. nervosaSwertia nervosae0
- Outcome
- proportion of GC rich regionse1
- Value
- 18.76%e0
Verbatim
e0“S. nervosa (18.76%)”
e1“proportion of GC rich regions differed among the chromosomes of S. chirayita (3.32%)”
Claim · model-written summary
S. bimaculata: proportion of GC rich regions was 0.64%.
- Taxon
- S. bimaculataSwertia bimaculatae0
- Outcome
- proportion of GC rich regionse1
- Value
- 0.64%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. bimaculata (0.64%)”
e1“proportion of GC rich regions differed among the chromosomes of S. chirayita (3.32%)”
Claim · model-written summary
S. bimaculata: 2C DNA content was 9.82 pg/2C.
- Taxon
- S. bimaculataSwertia bimaculatae0
- Outcome
- 2C DNA contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.82 pg/2Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. bimaculata had the highest 2C DNA content (9.82 pg/2C)”
Claim · model-written summary
S. nervosa: 2C DNA content was 1.95 pg/2C.
- Taxon
- S. nervosaSwertia nervosae0
- Outcome
- 2C DNA contente1
- Value
- 1.95 pg/2Ce0
Verbatim
e0“S. nervosa (1.95 pg/2C)”
e1“S. bimaculata had the highest 2C DNA content (9.82 pg/2C)”
Claim · model-written summary
S. chirayita: 2C DNA content was 1.09 pg/2C.
- Taxon
- S. chirayitaSwertia chirayitae0
- Outcome
- 2C DNA contente1
- Value
- 1.09 pg/2Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. chirayita (1.09 pg/2C)”
e1“S. bimaculata had the highest 2C DNA content (9.82 pg/2C)”
Claim · model-written summary
The three homoploid Swertia species showed a nearly nine-fold nuclear genome-size difference.
SwertiaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A nearly nine-fold difference in nuclear genome size among the homoploid species of Swertia (2n=26)”