Swertia bimaculata 65 claims

species · family Gentianaceae · green plant · NCBI Taxonomy ↗

Also written in claims: S.bimaculata — NCBI synonyms: Ophelia bimaculata

3 spellings

Swertia bimaculataAlpsdake · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

65 claims

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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Flowers were protandrous, with stamen movement producing female-phase herkogamy and reducing nectary–anther distance.

Taxon: Swertia bimaculataSwertia bimaculatae0
Organ / stage: flowerse0
Outcome: protandrouse0

Verbatim

e0
“Swertia bimaculata flowers were protandrous, with obvious stamen movement leading to herkogamy in the female phase and to a significant reduction in nectary–anther distance.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 816–989

Title

Nectary tracks as pollinator manipulators: The pollination ecology ofSwertia bimaculata(Gentianaceae)

Shuai Wang; Wen‐Long Fu; Wei Du; et al. Ecology and Evolution 2018. doi:10.1002/ece3.3838

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation The species was strongly insect pollinated and facultatively outcrossing.
Observation Daily reward per flower decreased significantly after the male phase.
Observation Large dipterans were the most effective pollinators.
Observation Diptera made up a significantly higher visiting proportion in S. bimaculata than S. kouitchensis.
Observation Most visitors circled inside S. bimaculata flowers.
Intervention effect Removing or blocking nectaries did not reduce visit frequency.
Intervention effect Removing or blocking nectaries significantly shortened visits and interrupted circling.
Observation Nectar abundance encouraged circling behavior.
Observation Circling behavior promoted pollen dispersal.
Observation Small visitors seldom contacted anthers or stigmas.
Observation The nectary whorl guided foragers in a circle, making pollination more orderly and selective.

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Diptera made up a significantly higher visiting proportion in S. bimaculata than S. kouitchensis.

Taxon: S. bimaculataSwertia bimaculatae0
Interactor: DipteraDipterae0pollinator
Outcome: visiting proportion of Dipterae0
Direction: highere0
Comparator: S. kouitchensise0

Verbatim

e0
“the visiting proportion of Diptera was significantly higher in S. bimaculata than in S. kouitchensis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1198–1298

Title

Nectary tracks as pollinator manipulators: The pollination ecology ofSwertia bimaculata(Gentianaceae)

Shuai Wang; Wen‐Long Fu; Wei Du; et al. Ecology and Evolution 2018. doi:10.1002/ece3.3838

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation Flowers were protandrous, with stamen movement producing female-phase herkogamy and reducing nectary–anther distance.
Observation The species was strongly insect pollinated and facultatively outcrossing.
Observation Daily reward per flower decreased significantly after the male phase.
Observation Large dipterans were the most effective pollinators.
Observation Most visitors circled inside S. bimaculata flowers.
Intervention effect Removing or blocking nectaries did not reduce visit frequency.
Intervention effect Removing or blocking nectaries significantly shortened visits and interrupted circling.
Observation Nectar abundance encouraged circling behavior.
Observation Circling behavior promoted pollen dispersal.
Observation Small visitors seldom contacted anthers or stigmas.
Observation The nectary whorl guided foragers in a circle, making pollination more orderly and selective.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Most visitors circled inside S. bimaculata flowers.

Taxon: S. bimaculataSwertia bimaculatae0
Organ / stage: flowerse0
Outcome: circling behaviore0

Verbatim

e0
“Most visitors performed “circling behavior” in S. bimaculata flowers.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1301–1370

Title

Nectary tracks as pollinator manipulators: The pollination ecology ofSwertia bimaculata(Gentianaceae)

Shuai Wang; Wen‐Long Fu; Wei Du; et al. Ecology and Evolution 2018. doi:10.1002/ece3.3838

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation Flowers were protandrous, with stamen movement producing female-phase herkogamy and reducing nectary–anther distance.
Observation The species was strongly insect pollinated and facultatively outcrossing.
Observation Daily reward per flower decreased significantly after the male phase.
Observation Large dipterans were the most effective pollinators.
Observation Diptera made up a significantly higher visiting proportion in S. bimaculata than S. kouitchensis.
Intervention effect Removing or blocking nectaries did not reduce visit frequency.
Intervention effect Removing or blocking nectaries significantly shortened visits and interrupted circling.
Observation Nectar abundance encouraged circling behavior.
Observation Circling behavior promoted pollen dispersal.
Observation Small visitors seldom contacted anthers or stigmas.
Observation The nectary whorl guided foragers in a circle, making pollination more orderly and selective.

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The nectary whorl guided foragers in a circle, making pollination more orderly and selective.

Taxon: S. bimaculataSwertia bimaculatae0
Interactor: nectar foragerse0pollinator
Outcome: pollinatione0
Direction: more orderly and selectivee0
Comparator: classically generalist flowerse0

Verbatim

e0
“The nectary whorl within a flower acted like a ring‐shaped track that urged nectar foragers to circle on the corolla, making pollination in S. bimaculata flowers more orderly and selective than that in classically generalist flowers.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1879–2112

Title

Nectary tracks as pollinator manipulators: The pollination ecology ofSwertia bimaculata(Gentianaceae)

Shuai Wang; Wen‐Long Fu; Wei Du; et al. Ecology and Evolution 2018. doi:10.1002/ece3.3838

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation Flowers were protandrous, with stamen movement producing female-phase herkogamy and reducing nectary–anther distance.
Observation The species was strongly insect pollinated and facultatively outcrossing.
Observation Daily reward per flower decreased significantly after the male phase.
Observation Large dipterans were the most effective pollinators.
Observation Diptera made up a significantly higher visiting proportion in S. bimaculata than S. kouitchensis.
Observation Most visitors circled inside S. bimaculata flowers.
Intervention effect Removing or blocking nectaries did not reduce visit frequency.
Intervention effect Removing or blocking nectaries significantly shortened visits and interrupted circling.
Observation Nectar abundance encouraged circling behavior.
Observation Circling behavior promoted pollen dispersal.
Observation Small visitors seldom contacted anthers or stigmas.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

S. bimaculata: chromosomes with CMA+ve signals was two chromosomes.

Taxon: S. bimaculataSwertia bimaculatae0
Outcome: chromosomes with CMA+ve signalse0
Value: two chromosomese0

Verbatim

e0
“two chromosomes with CMA+ve signals in S. bimaculata”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 660–712

Title

Fluorescent Chromosome Banding and Genome Size Estimation in Three Species of Swertia

Myo Ma Ma Than; Tapojita Samaddar; Biplab Kumar Bhowmick; et al. CYTOLOGIA 2017. doi:10.1508/cytologia.82.513

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation S. chirayita: chromosomes with CMA+ve signals was six chromosomes.
Observation All S. nervosa chromosomes displayed CMA positive signals.
Observation S. chirayita: proportion of GC rich regions was 3.32%.
Observation S. nervosa: proportion of GC rich regions was 18.76%.
Observation S. bimaculata: proportion of GC rich regions was 0.64%.
Observation S. bimaculata: 2C DNA content was 9.82 pg/2C.
Observation S. nervosa: 2C DNA content was 1.95 pg/2C.
Observation S. chirayita: 2C DNA content was 1.09 pg/2C.
Observation The three homoploid Swertia species showed a nearly nine-fold nuclear genome-size difference.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

S. bimaculata: proportion of GC rich regions was 0.64%.

Taxon: S. bimaculataSwertia bimaculatae0
Outcome: proportion of GC rich regionse1
Value: 0.64%e0

Verbatim

e0
“S. bimaculata (0.64%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 932–953

e1
“proportion of GC rich regions differed among the chromosomes of S. chirayita (3.32%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 821–905

Title

Fluorescent Chromosome Banding and Genome Size Estimation in Three Species of Swertia

Myo Ma Ma Than; Tapojita Samaddar; Biplab Kumar Bhowmick; et al. CYTOLOGIA 2017. doi:10.1508/cytologia.82.513

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation S. chirayita: chromosomes with CMA+ve signals was six chromosomes.
Observation S. bimaculata: chromosomes with CMA+ve signals was two chromosomes.
Observation All S. nervosa chromosomes displayed CMA positive signals.
Observation S. chirayita: proportion of GC rich regions was 3.32%.
Observation S. nervosa: proportion of GC rich regions was 18.76%.
Observation S. bimaculata: 2C DNA content was 9.82 pg/2C.
Observation S. nervosa: 2C DNA content was 1.95 pg/2C.
Observation S. chirayita: 2C DNA content was 1.09 pg/2C.
Observation The three homoploid Swertia species showed a nearly nine-fold nuclear genome-size difference.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

S. bimaculata: 2C DNA content was 9.82 pg/2C.

Taxon: S. bimaculataSwertia bimaculatae0
Outcome: 2C DNA contente0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 9.82 pg/2Ce0

Verbatim

e0
“S. bimaculata had the highest 2C DNA content (9.82 pg/2C)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 955–1012

Title

Fluorescent Chromosome Banding and Genome Size Estimation in Three Species of Swertia

Myo Ma Ma Than; Tapojita Samaddar; Biplab Kumar Bhowmick; et al. CYTOLOGIA 2017. doi:10.1508/cytologia.82.513

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation S. chirayita: chromosomes with CMA+ve signals was six chromosomes.
Observation S. bimaculata: chromosomes with CMA+ve signals was two chromosomes.
Observation All S. nervosa chromosomes displayed CMA positive signals.
Observation S. chirayita: proportion of GC rich regions was 3.32%.
Observation S. nervosa: proportion of GC rich regions was 18.76%.
Observation S. bimaculata: proportion of GC rich regions was 0.64%.
Observation S. nervosa: 2C DNA content was 1.95 pg/2C.
Observation S. chirayita: 2C DNA content was 1.09 pg/2C.
Observation The three homoploid Swertia species showed a nearly nine-fold nuclear genome-size difference.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Three new and seven known compounds were isolated from the plant extract.

Taxon: Swertia bimaculataSwertia bimaculatae0
Outcome: Three new compounds (1 – 3)e0
Value: Threee0

Verbatim

e0
“Three new compounds (1 – 3), including a sesterterpenoid, aspterpenacid C (1), with an unusual 5/3/7/6/5 pentacyclic skeleton, together with seven known ones (4 – 10), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Swertia bimaculata”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–277

Title

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-HIV Compounds from Swertia bimaculata

Miao Dong; Li-Qiu Quan; Wei-Feng Dai; et al. Planta Medica 2017. doi:10.1055/s-0043-114736

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observation Aspterpenacid C has an unusual pentacyclic skeleton.
Observation Compound 1 moderately inhibited nitric oxide production at IC50 16.1 µM.
Observation Compound 1 moderately inhibited HIV-1 replication at EC50 1.35 µM.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aspterpenacid C has an unusual pentacyclic skeleton.

Taxon: Swertia bimaculataSwertia bimaculatae1
Outcome: unusual 5/3/7/6/5 pentacyclic skeletone0

Verbatim

e0
“aspterpenacid C (1), with an unusual 5/3/7/6/5 pentacyclic skeleton”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 67–134

e1
“Swertia bimaculata”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 259–277

Title

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-HIV Compounds from Swertia bimaculata

Miao Dong; Li-Qiu Quan; Wei-Feng Dai; et al. Planta Medica 2017. doi:10.1055/s-0043-114736

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observation Three new and seven known compounds were isolated from the plant extract.
Observation Compound 1 moderately inhibited nitric oxide production at IC50 16.1 µM.
Observation Compound 1 moderately inhibited HIV-1 replication at EC50 1.35 µM.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Compound 1 moderately inhibited nitric oxide production at IC50 16.1 µM.

Taxon: Swertia bimaculataSwertia bimaculatae1
Material: Compound 1e0
Outcome: inhibiting nitric oxide productione0
Value: 16.1 µMe0

Verbatim

e0
“Compound 1 exhibited moderate activity in inhibiting nitric oxide production (IC50 = 16.1 µM)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 603–696

e1
“Swertia bimaculata”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 259–277

Title

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-HIV Compounds from Swertia bimaculata

Miao Dong; Li-Qiu Quan; Wei-Feng Dai; et al. Planta Medica 2017. doi:10.1055/s-0043-114736

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observation Three new and seven known compounds were isolated from the plant extract.
Observation Aspterpenacid C has an unusual pentacyclic skeleton.
Observation Compound 1 moderately inhibited HIV-1 replication at EC50 1.35 µM.