Abstract
The study investigated the efficacy of two isolates of Aspergillus terreus (65P and 9F) on the growth, morphology and pathogenicity of Pythium aphanidermatum on cucumber. In vitro tests showed that the two isolates inhibited the growth of P. aphanidermatum in culture. Investigating P. aphanidermatum hyphae close to the inhibition zone showed that the hyphae showed abnormal growth and loss of internal content. Treating P. aphanidermatum with the culture filtrate of A. terreus resulted in significant rise in cellular leakage of P. aphanidermatum mycelium. Testing glucanase enzyme activity by both A. terreus isolates showed a significant increase in glucanase activity. This suggests that the cell walls of Pythium, which consist of glucan, are affected by the glucanase enzyme produced by A. terreus. In addition, Aspergillus isolates produced siderephore, which is suggested to be involved in inhibition of Pythium growth. Also, the culture filtrates of 65P and 9F isolates significantly reduced spore production by P. aphanidermatum compared to the control (P < 0.05). In bioassay tests, the two isolates of A. terreus increased the survival rate of cucumber seedlings from 10-20% in the control seedlings treated with P. aphanidermatum to 38-39% when the biocontrol agents were used. No disease symptoms were observed on cucumber seedlings only treated with the isolates 65P and 9F of A. terreus. In addition, the A. terreus isolates did not have any negative effects on the growth of cucumber seedlings. This study shows that isolates of A. terreus can help suppress Pythium-induced damping-off of cucumber, which is suggested to be through the effect of A. terreus and its glucanase enzyme on P. aphanidermatum mycelium.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The two A. terreus isolates inhibited P. aphanidermatum growth in culture.
- Taxon
- P. aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatume0
- Treatment
- two isolatese0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus terreus
Aspergillus terreuse1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- growth of P. aphanidermatume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro tests showed that the two isolates inhibited the growth of P. aphanidermatum in culture.”
e1“two isolates of Aspergillus terreus (65P and 9F)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. aphanidermatum hyphae near the inhibition zone showed abnormal growth and loss of internal content.
- Taxon
- P. aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatume0
- Outcome
- abnormal growth and loss of internal contente0
- Qualifier
- close to the inhibition zonee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Investigating P. aphanidermatum hyphae close to the inhibition zone showed that the hyphae showed abnormal growth and loss of internal content.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. terreus culture filtrate significantly increased cellular leakage from P. aphanidermatum mycelium.
- Taxon
- P. aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatume0
- Treatment
- culture filtrate of A. terreuse0
- Interactor
- A. terreusAspergillus terreuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- cellular leakage of P. aphanidermatum myceliume0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treating P. aphanidermatum with the culture filtrate of A. terreus resulted in significant rise in cellular leakage of P. aphanidermatum mycelium.”
Claim · model-written summary
Both A. terreus isolates showed significantly increased glucanase activity.
- Taxon
- A. terreusAspergillus terreuse0
- Outcome
- glucanase activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Testing glucanase enzyme activity by both A. terreus isolates showed a significant increase in glucanase activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest A. terreus glucanase affects Pythium glucan cell walls.
- Interactor
- A. terreusAspergillus terreuse0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- glucanase enzymee0
- Outcome
- cell walls of Pythiume0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PythiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“This suggests that the cell walls of Pythium, which consist of glucan, are affected by the glucanase enzyme produced by A. terreus.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus isolates produced siderephore.
- Taxon
- Aspergillus
Aspergilluse0 - Outcome
- produced siderephoree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, Aspergillus isolates produced siderephore, which is suggested to be involved in inhibition of Pythium growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Siderephore is suggested to contribute to inhibition of Pythium growth.
- Interactor
- AspergillusAspergilluse0biocontrol_agent
- Compound
- siderephoree0
- Outcome
- inhibition of Pythium growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, Aspergillus isolates produced siderephore, which is suggested to be involved in inhibition of Pythium growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Culture filtrates of 65P and 9F significantly reduced P. aphanidermatum spore production relative to control.
- Taxon
- P. aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatume0
- Treatment
- culture filtrates of 65P and 9F isolatese0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus terreusAspergillus terreuse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- spore production by P. aphanidermatume0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also, the culture filtrates of 65P and 9F isolates significantly reduced spore production by P. aphanidermatum compared to the control (P < 0.05).”
e1“two isolates of Aspergillus terreus (65P and 9F)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. terreus biocontrol increased cucumber seedling survival to 38-39%, versus 10-20% with P. aphanidermatum alone.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- two isolates of A. terreuse0
- Interactor
- P. aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. terreusAspergillus terreuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- survival ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 38-39%e0
- Qualifier
- 10-20%e0
- Comparator
- control seedlings treated with P. aphanidermatume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In bioassay tests, the two isolates of A. terreus increased the survival rate of cucumber seedlings from 10-20% in the control seedlings treated with P. aphanidermatum to 38-39% when the biocontrol agents were used.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber seedlings treated only with A. terreus 65P and 9F showed no disease symptoms.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- isolates 65P and 9F of A. terreuse0
- Interactor
- A. terreusAspergillus terreuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- No disease symptomse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No disease symptoms were observed on cucumber seedlings only treated with the isolates 65P and 9F of A. terreus.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. terreus isolates had no negative effects on cucumber seedling growth.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- A. terreus isolatese0
- Interactor
- A. terreusAspergillus terreuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth of cucumber seedlingse0
- Direction
- did not have any negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, the A. terreus isolates did not have any negative effects on the growth of cucumber seedlings.”
The same questions in other papers
Aspergillus terreus · Pythium aphanidermatum · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Aspergillus terreus · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
pathogen product · disease · Pythium aphanidermatumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.