Abstract
The bacterial endophytic communities residing within roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown in soils from the Quechua maize belt (Peruvian Andes) were examined using tags pyrosequencing spanning the V4 and V5 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA. Across four replicate libraries, two corresponding to sequences of endophytic bacteria from long time maize-cultivated soils and the other two obtained from fallow soils, 793 bacterial sequences were found that grouped into 188 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs, 97% genetic similarity), of which 138 were present in the libraries from the maize-cultivated soils and 80 in the libraries from fallow soils. A mean of 30 genera were found in the fallow soil libraries and 47 were in those from the maize-cultivated soils. Both alpha and beta diversity indexes showed clear differences between bacterial endophytic populations from plants with different soil cultivation history. The number of sequences corresponding to main genera Sphingomonas, Herbaspirillum, Bradyrhizobium and Methylophilus in the maize-cultivated libraries were statistically more abundant than those from the fallow soils. Sequences of genera Dyella and Sreptococcus were significantly more abundant in the libraries from the fallow soils. Relative abundance of genera Burkholderia, candidatus Glomeribacter, Staphylococcus, Variovorax, Bacillus and Chitinophaga were similar among libraries. A canonical correspondence analysis of the relative abundance of the main genera showed that the four libraries distributed in two clearly separated groups. Our results suggest that cultivation history is an important driver of endophytic colonization of maize plants as the previous 5-year plant cultivation increased richness of their bacterial endophytes.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha and beta diversity indexes of root endophytic bacteria differed between plants grown in soils with different cultivation history.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e2“Both alpha and beta diversity indexes showed clear differences between bacterial endophytic populations from plants with different soil cultivation history”
Claim · model-written summary
Sphingomonas, Herbaspirillum and Bradyrhizobium sequences were statistically more abundant in maize-cultivated libraries than in fallow soils.
- Treatment
- maize-cultivated librariese2
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas, Herbaspirillum, Bradyrhizobium
BradyrhizobiumHerbaspirillum
Sphingomonase2symbiont - Outcome
- number of sequences corresponding to main genera Sphingomonas, Herbaspirillum, Bradyrhizobiume2
- Direction
- more abundante2
- Comparator
- fallow soilse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e2“The number of sequences corresponding to main genera Sphingomonas, Herbaspirillum, Bradyrhizobium and Methylophilus in the maize-cultivated libraries were statistically more abundant than those from the fallow soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Methylophilus sequences were statistically more abundant in maize-cultivated libraries than in fallow soils.
- Treatment
- maize-cultivated librariese2
- Interactor
- MethylophilusMethylophiluse2symbiont
- Outcome
- number of sequences corresponding to main generae2
- Direction
- more abundante2
- Comparator
- fallow soilse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e2“The number of sequences corresponding to main genera Sphingomonas, Herbaspirillum, Bradyrhizobium and Methylophilus in the maize-cultivated libraries were statistically more abundant than those from the fallow soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Dyella and Sreptococcus sequences were significantly more abundant in the libraries from fallow soils.
- Interactor
- Dyella and Sreptococcuse2symbiont
- Outcome
- Sequences of genera Dyella and Sreptococcuse2
- Direction
- more abundante2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e2“Sequences of genera Dyella and Sreptococcus were significantly more abundant in the libraries from the fallow soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative abundance of Burkholderia, candidatus Glomeribacter and Staphylococcus was similar among libraries.
- Interactor
- Burkholderia, candidatus Glomeribacter, Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus
BurkholderiaCandidatus Glomeribactere2symbiont - Outcome
- Relative abundance of generae2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e2“Relative abundance of genera Burkholderia, candidatus Glomeribacter, Staphylococcus, Variovorax, Bacillus and Chitinophaga were similar among libraries”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative abundance of Variovorax, Bacillus and Chitinophaga was similar among libraries.
- Interactor
- Variovorax, Bacillus and Chitinophagae2symbiont
- Outcome
- Relative abundance of generae2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e2“Relative abundance of genera Burkholderia, candidatus Glomeribacter, Staphylococcus, Variovorax, Bacillus and Chitinophaga were similar among libraries”
Claim · model-written summary
The four libraries separated into two clearly distinct groups in a canonical correspondence analysis of the main genera.
- Outcome
- the four libraries distributed in two clearly separated groupse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e2“A canonical correspondence analysis of the relative abundance of the main genera showed that the four libraries distributed in two clearly separated groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Previous 5-year maize cultivation increased the richness of root endophytic bacteria.
- Treatment
- previous 5-year plant cultivatione2
- Outcome
- richness of their bacterial endophytese2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e2“the previous 5-year plant cultivation increased richness of their bacterial endophytes”
Claim · model-written summary
Fallow-soil libraries contained a mean of 30 genera, fewer than the 47 genera in maize-cultivated soil libraries.
- Treatment
- maize-cultivated soilse2
- Outcome
- generae2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Qualifier
- A mean of 30 generae2
- Comparator
- fallow soil librariese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e2“A mean of 30 genera were found in the fallow soil libraries and 47 were in those from the maize-cultivated soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Of 188 bacterial OTUs, 138 were present in libraries from maize-cultivated soils and 80 in libraries from fallow soils.
- Treatment
- maize-cultivated soilse2
- Outcome
- bacterial operational taxonomic unitse2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 138e2
- Comparator
- libraries from fallow soilse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e2“793 bacterial sequences were found that grouped into 188 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs, 97% genetic similarity), of which 138 were present in the libraries from the maize-cultivated soils and 80 in the libraries from fallow soils”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that cultivation history is an important driver of endophytic colonization of maize plants.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e2“Our results suggest that cultivation history is an important driver of endophytic colonization of maize plants”