Abstract
Abstract This study was performed to study the effects of farmyard manure (zero (M1), 20 (M2) t ha −1 ) and nano-fertilizers [control (n1), Mn (n2), Fe (n3), Zn (n4)] on sunflower. Traits days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, leaf number, leaf area, plant height, achene yield and harvest index were measured.Treatment by trait (TT) analysis using biplot analysis was used to determine which treatment was best and for what trait which were generated using the standardized values of the traits means. Results showed that the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) were used to create a two-dimensional TT biplot that accounted percentages of 94% of sums of squares of interaction. The most important vertex treatment in polygon of TT biplot was M2n4 (application of 20 tonnes ha −1 manure and Zn nano-micronutrient) which indicated high performance in leaf number, leaf area, plant height, achene yield and harvest index. The identification of ideal treatment, the treatment that is most favorable treatment among all treatments, showed that the M2n4 might be used in selecting superior traits and it can be considered as the candidate treatment. Finally, nano-fertilizer could increase crop yields and improve the efficiency of manure application. The results of this investigation showed that application of nanoparticles may alleviates the adverse environmental factors and improve the sunflower performance and the integrated application of organic manure and nano-micronutrients is more effective.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The first two principal components of the treatment by trait biplot accounted for 94% of the sums of squares of interaction.
Verbatim
e0“the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) were used to create a two-dimensional TT biplot that accounted percentages of 94% of sums of squares of interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
The vertex treatment M2n4 (20 t/ha manure plus Zn nano-micronutrient) showed high leaf number, leaf area and plant height in sunflower.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- application of 20 tonnes ha −1 manure and Zn nano-micronutriente0
- Outcome
- leaf number, leaf area, plant heighte0
- Direction
- high performancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“application of 20 tonnes ha −1 manure and Zn nano-micronutrient) which indicated high performance in leaf number, leaf area, plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
The vertex treatment M2n4 (20 t/ha manure plus Zn nano-micronutrient) showed high achene yield and harvest index in sunflower.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- application of 20 tonnes ha −1 manure and Zn nano-micronutriente0
- Outcome
- achene yield and harvest indexe0
- Direction
- high performancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“application of 20 tonnes ha −1 manure and Zn nano-micronutrient) which indicated high performance in leaf number, leaf area, plant height, achene yield and harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider M2n4 a candidate treatment that might be used in selecting superior traits.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- candidate treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“the M2n4 might be used in selecting superior traits and it can be considered as the candidate treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-fertilizer could increase sunflower crop yields.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- nano-fertilizere0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“nano-fertilizer could increase crop yields and improve the efficiency of manure application”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-fertilizer could improve the efficiency of manure application in sunflower.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- nano-fertilizere0
- Outcome
- efficiency of manure applicatione0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“nano-fertilizer could increase crop yields and improve the efficiency of manure application”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated application of organic manure and nano-micronutrients was more effective for sunflower.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- integrated application of organic manure and nano-micronutrientse0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“integrated application of organic manure and nano-micronutrients is more effective”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of nanoparticles may improve sunflower performance.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- application of nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- sunflower performancee0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of nanoparticles may alleviates the adverse environmental factors and improve the sunflower performance”
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