Abstract
Foliar application may be used to supply boron (B) to a crop when B demands are higher than can be supplied via the soil. While B foliar sprays have been used to correct B deficiency in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the field, no studies have determined the amount of B taken up by sunflower plant parts via foliar application. A study was conducted in which sunflower plants were grown at constant B concentration in nutrient solution with adequate B (46 micro m) or with limited B supply (0.24, 0.40 and 1.72 micro m) using Amberlite IRA-743 resin to control B supply. At the late vegetative stage of growth (25 and 35 d after transplanting), two foliar sprays were applied of soluble sodium tetraborate (20.8 % B) each at 0, 28, 65, 120 and 1200 mm (each spray equivalent to 0, 0.03, 0.07, 0.13 and 1.3 kg B ha-1 in 100 L water ha-1). The highest rate of B foliar fertilization resulted in leaf burn but had no other evident detrimental effect on plant growth. Under B-deficient conditions, B foliar application increased the vegetative and reproductive dry mass of plants. Foliar application of 28-1200 mm B increased the total dry mass of the most B-deficient plants by more than three-fold and that of plants grown initially with 1.72 micro m B in solution by 37-49 %. In this latter treatment, the dry mass of the capitulum was similar to that achieved under control conditions, but in no instance was total plant dry mass similar to that of the control. All B foliar spray rates increased the B concentration in various parts of the plant tops, including those that developed after the sprays were applied, but the B concentration in the roots was not increased by B foliar application. The B concentration in the capitulum of the plants sprayed at the highest rate was between 37 and 93 % of that in the control plants. This study showed that B foliar application was of benefit to B-deficient sunflower plants, increasing the B status of plant tops, including that of the capitulum which developed after the B sprays were applied.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The highest rate of foliar B fertilization caused leaf burn in sunflower.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- highest rate of B foliar fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- leaf burne1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e1“The highest rate of B foliar fertilization resulted in leaf burn”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest rate of foliar B fertilization had no other evident detrimental effect on sunflower plant growth.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- highest rate of B foliar fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- detrimental effect on plant growthe1
- Qualifier
- no other evidente1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e1“The highest rate of B foliar fertilization resulted in leaf burn but had no other evident detrimental effect on plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Under B-deficient conditions, foliar B application increased the vegetative and reproductive dry mass of sunflower plants.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- B foliar applicatione1
- Outcome
- vegetative and reproductive dry masse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- Under B-deficient conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e1“Under B-deficient conditions, B foliar application increased the vegetative and reproductive dry mass of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of 28-1200 mm B increased the total dry mass of the most B-deficient sunflower plants by more than three-fold.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of 28-1200 mm Be1
- Outcome
- total dry masse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- more than three-folde1
- Qualifier
- most B-deficient plantse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e1“Foliar application of 28-1200 mm B increased the total dry mass of the most B-deficient plants by more than three-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of 28-1200 mm B increased the total dry mass of plants grown initially with 1.72 micro m B in solution by 37-49 %.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of 28-1200 mm Be1
- Outcome
- total dry masse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 37-49 %e1
- Qualifier
- plants grown initially with 1.72 micro m B in solutione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e1“Foliar application of 28-1200 mm B increased the total dry mass of the most B-deficient plants by more than three-fold and that of plants grown initially with 1.72 micro m B in solution by 37-49 %”
Claim · model-written summary
In plants grown initially with 1.72 micro m B, the capitulum dry mass after foliar B treatment was similar to that under control conditions.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- capitulume1
- Treatment
- this latter treatmente1
- Outcome
- dry mass of the capitulume1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- control conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e1“In this latter treatment, the dry mass of the capitulum was similar to that achieved under control conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
In no foliar B treatment was total plant dry mass similar to that of the control.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- total plant dry masse1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Not reportedTreatmentDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e1“in no instance was total plant dry mass similar to that of the control”
Claim · model-written summary
All foliar B spray rates increased the B concentration in various parts of the plant tops, including parts that developed after spraying.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- various parts of the plant topse1
- Treatment
- All B foliar spray ratese1
- Outcome
- B concentratione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e1“All B foliar spray rates increased the B concentration in various parts of the plant tops, including those that developed after the sprays were applied”
Claim · model-written summary
The B concentration in sunflower roots was not increased by foliar B application.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- B foliar applicatione1
- Outcome
- B concentratione1
- Direction
- not increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e1“the B concentration in the roots was not increased by B foliar application”
Claim · model-written summary
The B concentration in the capitulum of plants sprayed at the highest rate was between 37 and 93 % of that in control plants.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- capitulume1
- Treatment
- sprayed at the highest ratee1
- Outcome
- B concentratione1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- between 37 and 93 %e1
- Comparator
- the control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e1“The B concentration in the capitulum of the plants sprayed at the highest rate was between 37 and 93 % of that in the control plants”
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See all 146 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.