Abstract
The presence of mycotoxins in cereal grain is a very important food safety factor. The occurrence of "masked" mycotoxins has been intensively investigated in recent years. In this study, the occurrence of nivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, and deoxynivalenol in 92 samples of winter wheat from Polish cultivars was determined. The frequency of the occurrence of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in the samples was 83% and 70%, respectively. The average content of the analytes was: for deoxynivalenol 140.2 µg/kg (10.5-1265.4 µg/kg), for nivalenol 35.0 µg/kg (5.1-372.5 µg/kg). Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, the formation of which is connected with the biotransformation pathway in plants, was present in 27% of tested wheat samples; its average content was 41.9 µg/kg (15.8-137.5 µg/kg). The relative content of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G) compared to deoxynivalenol (DON) in positive samples was 4-37%. Despite the high frequency of occurrence of these mycotoxins, the quality of wheat from the 2016 season was good. The maximum content of DON, as defined in EU regulations (1250 µg/kg), was exceeded in only one sample. Nevertheless, the presence of a glycosidic derivative of deoxynivalenol can increase the risk to food safety, as it can be hydrolyzed by intestinal microflora.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Deoxynivalenol occurred in 83% of wheat samples.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- occurrence of deoxynivalenole0
- Value
- 83%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The frequency of the occurrence of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in the samples was 83% and 70%, respectively.”
t0“Polish Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nivalenol occurred in 70% of wheat samples.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- nivalenole0
- Value
- 70%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The frequency of the occurrence of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in the samples was 83% and 70%, respectively.”
t0“Polish Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean deoxynivalenol content was 140.2 µg/kg.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- deoxynivalenole0
- Value
- 140.2 µg/kge0
- Qualifier
- 10.5-1265.4 µg/kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for deoxynivalenol 140.2 µg/kg (10.5-1265.4 µg/kg)”
t0“Polish Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean nivalenol content was 35.0 µg/kg.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- nivalenole0
- Value
- 35.0 µg/kge0
- Qualifier
- 5.1-372.5 µg/kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for nivalenol 35.0 µg/kg (5.1-372.5 µg/kg)”
t0“Polish Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside occurred in 27% of tested wheat samples.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Deoxynivalenol-3-glucosidee0
- Value
- 27%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, the formation of which is connected with the biotransformation pathway in plants, was present in 27% of tested wheat samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside content was 41.9 µg/kg.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Deoxynivalenol-3-glucosidee1
- Value
- 41.9 µg/kge0
- Qualifier
- 15.8-137.5 µg/kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its average content was 41.9 µg/kg (15.8-137.5 µg/kg)”
e1“Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, the formation of which is connected with the biotransformation pathway in plants”
t0“Polish Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative DON-3G content against DON was 4-37% in positive samples.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- relative content of deoxynivalenol-3-glucosidee0
- Value
- 4-37%e0
- Comparator
- deoxynivalenol (DON)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative content of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G) compared to deoxynivalenol (DON) in positive samples was 4-37%.”
t0“Polish Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged 2016 wheat quality good despite frequent mycotoxins.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- quality of wheate0
- Qualifier
- 2016 seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite the high frequency of occurrence of these mycotoxins, the quality of wheat from the 2016 season was good.”
Claim · model-written summary
Only one wheat sample exceeded the EU DON maximum of 1250 µg/kg.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- maximum content of DONe0
- Value
- one samplee0
- Qualifier
- 1250 µg/kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum content of DON, as defined in EU regulations (1250 µg/kg), was exceeded in only one sample.”
t0“Polish Winter Wheat”