Abstract
Most plant-based emissions of volatile organic compounds are considered mainly temperature dependent. However, certain oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) have high water solubility; thus, also stomatal conductance could regulate their emissions from shoots. Due to their water solubility and sources in stem and roots, it has also been suggested that their emissions could be affected by transport in the xylem sap. Yet further understanding on the role of transport has been lacking until present. We used shoot-scale long-term dynamic flux data from Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris) to analyse the effects of transpiration and transport in xylem sap flow on emissions of 3 water-soluble OVOCs: methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde. We found a direct effect of transpiration on the shoot emissions of the 3 OVOCs. The emissions were best explained by a regression model that combined linear transpiration and exponential temperature effects. In addition, a structural equation model indicated that stomatal conductance affects emissions mainly indirectly, by regulating transpiration. A part of the temperature's effect is also indirect. The tight coupling of shoot emissions to transpiration clearly evidences that these OVOCs are transported in the xylem sap from their sources in roots and stem to leaves and to ambient air.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Transpiration directly affected pine shoot emissions of methanol, acetone and acetaldehyde.
- Taxon
- Scots pines
Pinus sylvestrise0 - Treatment
- transpiratione1
- Outcome
- shoot emissions of the 3 OVOCse1
- Qualifier
- methanol, acetone, and acetaldehydee2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris)”
e1“We found a direct effect of transpiration on the shoot emissions of the 3 OVOCs.”
e2“methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde”
Claim · model-written summary
A regression model combining linear transpiration and exponential temperature effects best explained the emissions.
- Taxon
- Scots pinesPinus sylvestrise0
- Outcome
- emissionse1
- Comparator
- linear transpiration and exponential temperature effectse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris)”
e1“The emissions were best explained by a regression model that combined linear transpiration and exponential temperature effects.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance affected emissions mainly indirectly through transpiration.
- Taxon
- Scots pinesPinus sylvestrise0
- Outcome
- emissionse1
- Qualifier
- by regulating transpiratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris)”
e1“stomatal conductance affects emissions mainly indirectly, by regulating transpiration”
Claim · model-written summary
Part of the temperature effect on emissions was indirect.
- Taxon
- Scots pinesPinus sylvestrise0
- Outcome
- temperature's effecte1
- Qualifier
- indirecte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris)”
e1“A part of the temperature's effect is also indirect.”
Claim · model-written summary
The coupling to transpiration indicated transport of the OVOCs in xylem sap from roots and stem to leaves and air.
- Taxon
- Scots pinesPinus sylvestrise0
- Organ / stage
- roots and steme1
- Outcome
- OVOCs are transported in the xylem sape1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris)”
e1“these OVOCs are transported in the xylem sap from their sources in roots and stem to leaves and to ambient air”