Abstract
With increasing water shortage resources and extravagant nitrogen application, there is an urgent need to optimize irrigation regimes and nitrogen management for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the North China Plain (NCP). A 4-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three irrigation levels (W1, irrigation once at jointing stage; W2, irrigation once at jointing and once at heading stage; W3, irrigation once at jointing, once at heading, and once at filling stage; 60 mm each irrigation) and four N fertilizer rates (N0, 0; N1, 100 kg N ha−1; N2, 200 kg N ha−1; N3, 300 kg N ha−1) on wheat yield, water use efficiency, fertilizer agronomic efficiency, and economic benefits. The results showed that wheat yield under W2 condition was similar to that under W3, and greater than that under W1 at the same nitrogen level. Yield with the N1 treatment was higher than that with the N0 treatment, but not significantly different from that obtained with the N2 and N3 treatments. The W2N1 treatment resulted in the highest water use and fertilizer agronomic efficiencies. Compared with local traditional practice (W3N3), the net income and output-input ratio of W2N1 were greater by 12.3 and 19.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that two irrigation events of 60 mm each coupled with application of 100 kg N ha−1 is sufficient to provide a high wheat yield during drought growing seasons in the NCP.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat yield under W2 irrigation was similar to that under W3 irrigation at the same nitrogen level.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- irrigation once at jointing and once at heading stagee2
- Outcome
- wheat yielde3
- Direction
- similare3
- Qualifier
- at the same nitrogen levele3
- Comparator
- W3e3
- Setting
- North China Plaine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“North China Plain (NCP)”
e2“W2, irrigation once at jointing and once at heading stage”
e3“wheat yield under W2 condition was similar to that under W3, and greater than that under W1 at the same nitrogen level”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat yield under W2 irrigation was greater than under W1 irrigation at the same nitrogen level.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- irrigation once at jointing and once at heading stagee2
- Outcome
- wheat yielde3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Qualifier
- at the same nitrogen levele3
- Comparator
- W1e3
- Setting
- North China Plaine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“North China Plain (NCP)”
e2“W2, irrigation once at jointing and once at heading stage”
e3“wheat yield under W2 condition was similar to that under W3, and greater than that under W1 at the same nitrogen level”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield with 100 kg N ha−1 (N1) was higher than with no nitrogen (N0).
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N1 treatmente4
- Outcome
- Yielde4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- N0e4
- Setting
- North China Plaine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“North China Plain (NCP)”
e4“Yield with the N1 treatment was higher than that with the N0 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield with N1 was not significantly different from yield with N2 and N3.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N1 treatmente4
- Outcome
- Yielde4
- Direction
- not significantly differente5
- Comparator
- N2 and N3 treatmentse5
- Setting
- North China Plaine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“North China Plain (NCP)”
e4“Yield with the N1 treatment was higher than that with the N0 treatment”
e5“but not significantly different from that obtained with the N2 and N3 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The W2N1 treatment gave the highest water use efficiency and fertilizer agronomic efficiency.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- W2N1 treatmente6
- Outcome
- water use and fertilizer agronomic efficienciese6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Setting
- North China Plaine1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“North China Plain (NCP)”
e6“The W2N1 treatment resulted in the highest water use and fertilizer agronomic efficiencies”
Claim · model-written summary
Net income of W2N1 was greater than that of local traditional practice W3N3 by 12.3.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- W2N1e7
- Outcome
- net incomee7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Value
- 12.3e7
- Comparator
- local traditional practice (W3N3)e7
- Setting
- North China Plaine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“North China Plain (NCP)”
e7“Compared with local traditional practice (W3N3), the net income and output-input ratio of W2N1 were greater by 12.3 and 19.5%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Output-input ratio of W2N1 was greater than that of local traditional practice W3N3 by 19.5%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- W2N1e7
- Outcome
- output-input ratioe7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Value
- 19.5%e7
- Comparator
- local traditional practice (W3N3)e7
- Setting
- North China Plaine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“North China Plain (NCP)”
e7“Compared with local traditional practice (W3N3), the net income and output-input ratio of W2N1 were greater by 12.3 and 19.5%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Two irrigation events of 60 mm each with 100 kg N ha−1 are sufficient to give a high wheat yield in drought seasons in the North China Plain.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- two irrigation events of 60 mm each coupled with application of 100 kg N ha−1e7
- Outcome
- wheat yielde7
- Qualifier
- during drought growing seasonse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“two irrigation events of 60 mm each coupled with application of 100 kg N ha−1 is sufficient to provide a high wheat yield during drought growing seasons”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
797 papers in the same direction as this paper · 184 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
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- positive
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