Abstract
Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan. Seed enzymes were separated by horizontal starch and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One-hundred and eleven individuals were scored for their genotypes at 48 gene loci resolved from 20 enzyme systems and one seed protein. Fifteen of the isozyme gene loci were polymorphic. The values for average polymorphism per locus (using the 99% criterion), average number of alleles per locus, and the proportion of heterozygotes observed were 0.140, 1.14 and 0.002, respectively. The average value for G$\sb{\rm ST}$ was 0.627. The average value for Nei's genetic distance was 0.063. Estimates of phenotypic and life-history variation in populations of wild soybean were obtained by growing seed collected in the field in two "common garden" experiments (one in 1986 and one in 1987). Of the 32 traits examined, 21 were significantly different among populations in 1986 and 18 were significantly different in 1987. In both years, approximately 70% of the total phenotypic variation resided within populations. Canonical discriminant analysis demonstrated that the populations have diverged most significantly for those traits related to flower size, leaf shape, and yield. The correlation between Nei's genetic distance (D) and Mahalanobis' phenotypic distance (D$\sp2$) was not significant in 1986 (r$\sb{\rm s}$ = 0.61, p = 0.14), but was significant in 1987 (r$\sb{\rm s}$ = 0.85, p = 0.02). This inconsistency was attributed to small sample sizes, experimental error, and phenotypic plasticity. Variation in six reproductive yield components was examined among the seven populations of G. soja. The three early yield components (number of flower buds, flowers and immature pods per inflorescence) were significantly different among the seven populations; the three late yield components (number of mature pods and seeds per inflorescence and mature seed weight per inflorescence) were not significantly different among the populations. The rates of abortion for wild soybean ranged from 61.4% for immature pods to 3.5% for flower buds. The patterns of abortion were likely associated with resource availability. Aspects of soybean germplasm conservation and directions for future research were discussed.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
The average polymorphism per locus among isozyme loci in wild soybean was 0.140.
- Taxon
- Glycine soja
Glycine sojae0 - Outcome
- average polymorphism per locuse1
- Value
- 0.140e1
- Qualifier
- using the 99% criterione1
- Setting
- Mishima, Japane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e1“The values for average polymorphism per locus (using the 99% criterion), average number of alleles per locus, and the proportion of heterozygotes observed were 0.140, 1.14 and 0.002, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The average number of alleles per isozyme locus in wild soybean was 1.14.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- average number of alleles per locuse1
- Value
- 1.14e1
- Setting
- Mishima, Japane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e1“The values for average polymorphism per locus (using the 99% criterion), average number of alleles per locus, and the proportion of heterozygotes observed were 0.140, 1.14 and 0.002, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of heterozygotes observed in wild soybean was 0.002.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- the proportion of heterozygotes observede1
- Value
- 0.002e1
- Setting
- Mishima, Japane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e1“The values for average polymorphism per locus (using the 99% criterion), average number of alleles per locus, and the proportion of heterozygotes observed were 0.140, 1.14 and 0.002, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifteen of the isozyme gene loci were polymorphic in wild soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- polymorphice2
- Value
- Fifteene2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e2“Fifteen of the isozyme gene loci were polymorphic”
Claim · model-written summary
The average G_ST across wild soybean populations was 0.627.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- average value for G$\sb{\rm ST}$e3
- Value
- 0.627e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e3“The average value for G$\sb{\rm ST}$ was 0.627”
Claim · model-written summary
The average Nei's genetic distance among wild soybean populations was 0.063.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- average value for Nei's genetic distancee4
- Value
- 0.063e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e4“The average value for Nei's genetic distance was 0.063”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1986, 21 of the 32 traits examined were significantly different among wild soybean populations.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- significantly different among populationse5
- Value
- 21e5
- Qualifier
- in 1986e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e5“Of the 32 traits examined, 21 were significantly different among populations in 1986 and 18 were significantly different in 1987”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1987, 18 of the traits examined were significantly different among wild soybean populations.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- significantly different in 1987e5
- Value
- 18e5
- Qualifier
- in 1987e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e5“Of the 32 traits examined, 21 were significantly different among populations in 1986 and 18 were significantly different in 1987”
Claim · model-written summary
Approximately 70% of the total phenotypic variation in wild soybean resided within populations in both years.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- total phenotypic variation resided within populationse6
- Value
- approximately 70%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e6“In both years, approximately 70% of the total phenotypic variation resided within populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Canonical discriminant analysis showed that the populations diverged most significantly for traits related to flower size, leaf shape and yield.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- diverged most significantly for those traits related to flower size, leaf shape, and yielde7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e7“Canonical discriminant analysis demonstrated that the populations have diverged most significantly for those traits related to flower size, leaf shape, and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The correlation between Nei's genetic distance and Mahalanobis' phenotypic distance was not significant in 1986.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- The correlation between Nei's genetic distance (D) and Mahalanobis' phenotypic distance (D$\sp2$)e1
- Setting
- in 1986e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e1“The correlation between Nei's genetic distance (D) and Mahalanobis' phenotypic distance (D$\sp2$) was not significant in 1986 (r$\sb{\rm s}$ = 0.61, p = 0.14), but was significant in 1987 (r$\sb{\rm s}$ = 0.85, p = 0.02)”
Claim · model-written summary
The correlation between Nei's genetic distance and Mahalanobis' phenotypic distance was significant in 1987.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- The correlation between Nei's genetic distance (D) and Mahalanobis' phenotypic distance (D$\sp2$)e1
- Setting
- in 1987e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e1“The correlation between Nei's genetic distance (D) and Mahalanobis' phenotypic distance (D$\sp2$) was not significant in 1986 (r$\sb{\rm s}$ = 0.61, p = 0.14), but was significant in 1987 (r$\sb{\rm s}$ = 0.85, p = 0.02)”
Claim · model-written summary
The inconsistency between the 1986 and 1987 distance correlations was attributed to small sample sizes, experimental error and phenotypic plasticity.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- This inconsistencye1
- Qualifier
- small sample sizes, experimental error, and phenotypic plasticitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e1“This inconsistency was attributed to small sample sizes, experimental error, and phenotypic plasticity”
Claim · model-written summary
The three early yield components (flower buds, flowers and immature pods per inflorescence) differed significantly among the seven populations.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- number of flower buds, flowers and immature pods per inflorescencee1
- Setting
- among the seven populationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e1“The three early yield components (number of flower buds, flowers and immature pods per inflorescence) were significantly different among the seven populations”
Claim · model-written summary
The three late yield components (mature pods and seeds per inflorescence and mature seed weight per inflorescence) did not differ significantly among populations.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Outcome
- number of mature pods and seeds per inflorescence and mature seed weight per inflorescencee1
- Setting
- among the populationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e1“the three late yield components (number of mature pods and seeds per inflorescence and mature seed weight per inflorescence) were not significantly different among the populations”
Claim · model-written summary
The rate of abortion for immature pods of wild soybean was 61.4%.
- Taxon
- wild soybeanGlycine sojae1
- Organ / stage
- immature podse1
- Outcome
- rates of abortione1
- Value
- 61.4%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e1“The rates of abortion for wild soybean ranged from 61.4% for immature pods to 3.5% for flower buds”
Claim · model-written summary
The rate of abortion for flower buds of wild soybean was 3.5%.
- Taxon
- wild soybeanGlycine sojae1
- Organ / stage
- flower budse1
- Outcome
- rates of abortione1
- Value
- 3.5%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e1“The rates of abortion for wild soybean ranged from 61.4% for immature pods to 3.5% for flower buds”
Claim · model-written summary
The patterns of abortion in wild soybean were likely associated with resource availability.
- Taxon
- Glycine sojaGlycine sojae0
- Treatment
- resource availabilitye1
- Outcome
- patterns of abortione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozymes and quantitative traits were used to explore the organization of genetic variation within and among seven natural populations of the wild soybean, Glycine soja, from Mishima, Japan”
e1“The patterns of abortion were likely associated with resource availability”