Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the application of selenium (Se) ions directly to the leaf surface can protect plants against infection by the fungal toxin zearalenone (ZEA). The experiments were performed for the most common and agronomically important crops such as wheat, oat, and barley (both tolerant and sensitive varieties) because mycotoxin accumulation in plants is the cause of many diseases in animals and people. RESULTS: ) was applied to the second leaf of seedlings. Visualization of leaf temperature profiles by infrared thermography demonstrated a decrease in temperature at the location of ZEA infection that was more noticeable in sensitive genotypes. The presence of Se significantly suppressed changes at the site of ZEA application in all tested plants, especially the tolerant genotypes. Microscopic observations confirmed that foliar administration of ZEA resulted in its penetration to deeper localized cells and that damage induced by ZEA (mainly to chloroplasts) decreased after Se application. Analyses of antioxidant enzymes demonstrated the involvement of Se in antioxidation mechanisms, in particular by activating SOD and CAT under ZEA-induced stress conditions. CONCLUSION: The foliar application of Se to seedling leaves may be a non-invasive method of protecting crops against the first steps of ZEA infection. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Zearalenone infection decreased leaf temperature at the infection site in wheat, oat and barley, more noticeably in sensitive genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheat, oat, and barley
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Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivum
Avena sativae0 - Material
- sensitive genotypese2
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Treatment
- ZEAe2
- Outcome
- leaf temperaturee2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Qualifier
- more noticeable in sensitive genotypese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The experiments were performed for the most common and agronomically important crops such as wheat, oat, and barley”
e2“Visualization of leaf temperature profiles by infrared thermography demonstrated a decrease in temperature at the location of ZEA infection that was more noticeable in sensitive genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium significantly suppressed ZEA-induced changes at the application site in all tested plants, especially the tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheat, oat, and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- See1
- Outcome
- changes at the site of ZEA applicatione1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Qualifier
- especially the tolerant genotypese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiments were performed for the most common and agronomically important crops such as wheat, oat, and barley”
e1“The presence of Se significantly suppressed changes at the site of ZEA application in all tested plants, especially the tolerant genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Se application decreased the damage that ZEA induced, mainly to chloroplasts.
- Taxon
- wheat, oat, and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Se applicatione3
- Outcome
- damage induced by ZEAe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- mainly to chloroplastse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiments were performed for the most common and agronomically important crops such as wheat, oat, and barley”
e3“Microscopic observations confirmed that foliar administration of ZEA resulted in its penetration to deeper localized cells and that damage induced by ZEA (mainly to chloroplasts) decreased after Se application”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZEA application led to its penetration into deeper localized leaf cells.
- Taxon
- wheat, oat, and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- foliar administration of ZEAe3
- Outcome
- penetration to deeper localized cellse3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiments were performed for the most common and agronomically important crops such as wheat, oat, and barley”
e3“Microscopic observations confirmed that foliar administration of ZEA resulted in its penetration to deeper localized cells and that damage induced by ZEA (mainly to chloroplasts) decreased after Se application”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium activated SOD and CAT antioxidant enzymes under ZEA-induced stress.
- Taxon
- wheat, oat, and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- See4
- Gene
- SOD and CATe4
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Qualifier
- under ZEA-induced stress conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiments were performed for the most common and agronomically important crops such as wheat, oat, and barley”
e4“Analyses of antioxidant enzymes demonstrated the involvement of Se in antioxidation mechanisms, in particular by activating SOD and CAT under ZEA-induced stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se application to seedling leaves may be a non-invasive way to protect crops against the first steps of ZEA infection.
Verbatim
e5“The foliar application of Se to seedling leaves may be a non-invasive method of protecting crops against the first steps of ZEA infection”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.