Abstract
Root size and architecture are important crop plant traits, as they determine access to water and soil nutrients. The plant hormone cytokinin is a negative regulator of root growth and branching. Here, we generated transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants with an enlarged root system by enhancing cytokinin degradation in roots to explore the potential of cytokinin modulations in improving root functions. This was achieved through root-specific expression of a CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE gene. Enhanced biomass allocation to roots did not penalize shoot growth or seed yield, indicating that these plants were not source limited. In leaves of transgenic lines, the concentrations of several macroelements and microelements were increased, particularly those with low soil mobility (phosphorus, manganese, and zinc). Importantly, seeds contained up to 44% more zinc, which is beneficial for human nutrition. Transgenic lines also demonstrated dampened stress responses to long-term drought conditions, indicating lower drought sensitivity. Taken together, this work demonstrates that root engineering of cereals is a promising strategy to improve nutrient efficiency, biofortification, and drought tolerance.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced cytokinin degradation produced an enlarged barley root system.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- enhancing cytokinin degradation in rootse0
- Outcome
- root systeme0
- Direction
- enlargede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants with an enlarged root system by enhancing cytokinin degradation in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced root biomass allocation did not penalize shoot growth.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Enhanced biomass allocation to rootse0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- did not penalizee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhanced biomass allocation to roots did not penalize shoot growth or seed yield”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced root biomass allocation did not penalize seed yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Enhanced biomass allocation to rootse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- did not penalizee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhanced biomass allocation to roots did not penalize shoot growth or seed yield”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic barley leaves had increased macroelement and microelement concentrations.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- transgenic linese0
- Outcome
- concentrations of several macroelements and microelementse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In leaves of transgenic lines, the concentrations of several macroelements and microelements were increased”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic barley seeds had up to 44% more zinc.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seeds contained up to 44% more zinc”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic lines showed dampened long-term drought stress responses.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Transgenic linese0
- Treatment
- long-term drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- stress responsese0
- Direction
- dampenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic lines also demonstrated dampened stress responses to long-term drought conditions”
t0“barley”
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