Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Plants influence the soil they grow in, and this can alter the performance of other, later growing plants in the same soil. This is called plant-soil feedback and is usually tested with monospecific soils, i.e. soils that are conditioned by one plant species. Here, we test if plant-soil feedbacks of inocula consisting of mixtures of monospecific soils can be predicted from the effects of the component inocula. METHODS: Chrysanthemum plants were grown in sterile soil inoculated with eight monospecific conditioned soils and with mixtures consisting of all pairwise combinations. Plant biomass and leaf yellowness were measured and the additivity was calculated. RESULTS: On average, plant biomass in the mixed inocula was slightly but significantly (6%) lower than predicted. In contrast, when growing in mixed inocula, plants showed 38% less disease symptoms than predicted. Moreover, the larger the difference between the effects of the two monospecific soils on plant growth, the higher the observed effect in the mixture exceeded the predicted effects. CONCLUSIONS: We show that mixed monospecific soils interact antagonistically in terms of plant growth, but synergistically for disease symptoms. Our study further advances our understanding of plant-soil feedbacks, and suggests that mixing soils can be a powerful tool to steer soil microbiomes to improve plant-soil feedback effects.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed soil inocula reduced Chrysanthemum biomass by 6% against an additive prediction.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum
.jpeg?width=60)
Chrysanthemumt0 - Treatment
- mixed inoculae0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Comparator
- predictede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“On average, plant biomass in the mixed inocula was slightly but significantly (6%) lower than predicted.”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed soil inocula produced 38% fewer Chrysanthemum disease symptoms than predicted.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- mixed inoculae0
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 38%e0
- Comparator
- predictede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when growing in mixed inocula, plants showed 38% less disease symptoms than predicted”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
A greater difference between component soils’ growth effects was associated with a larger positive deviation from predicted mixture effects.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Outcome
- observed effect in the mixturee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- two monospecific soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the larger the difference between the effects of the two monospecific soils on plant growth, the higher the observed effect in the mixture exceeded the predicted effects”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest mixing soils to steer microbiomes and improve plant-soil feedback effects.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Outcome
- mixing soils can be a powerful tool to steer soil microbiomes to improve plant-soil feedback effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixing soils can be a powerful tool to steer soil microbiomes to improve plant-soil feedback effects”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
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