Abstract
Soil fungal pathogens are the most common cause of diseases in commercial strawberry crops worldwide. Since simultaneous infections by different pathogens can severely damage the crop, understanding the associated fungal communities can be helpful to mitigate crop loss. Herein, we used Illumina metabarcoding to assess the structure of fungal communities in five strawberry production areas in Estonia. Our analysis revealed 990 to 1430 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) per soil sample (pools of eight soil samples per production area). Based on our analyses, Ascomycota (55.5%) and Basidiomycota (25.0%) were the most OTUs-rich. Amongst the 24 most abundant OTUs, Geomyces, Rhodotorula, Verticillium and Microdochium were the most abundant genera, which were found across nearly all the soil samples. The OTUs were also clustered into three distinct groups, corresponding to different functional guilds of fungi. In addition, Fusarium solani, V. dahliae, Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum truncatum were enormously abundant in the fields with disease symptoms, whereas arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi especially Rhizophagus irregularis were considerably more abundant in the fields with healthy plants. These findings provide support that mycorrhizal fungi may play an important role in suppressing pathogens. Our study for the first time shows the usefulness of Illumina technology in surveying the communities of soil fungi in strawberry fields effectively, which may improve available disease management strategies against strawberry diseases.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium solani and V. dahliae were enormously abundant in strawberry fields with disease symptoms.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Interactor
- Fusarium solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie4pathogen - Second interactor
- V. dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee4pathogen - Outcome
- enormously abundante4
- Direction
- enormously abundante4
- Qualifier
- Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum truncatume4
- Setting
- fields with disease symptomse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“diseases in commercial strawberry crops worldwide”
e4“Fusarium solani, V. dahliae, Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum truncatum were enormously abundant in the fields with disease symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, especially Rhizophagus irregularis, were considerably more abundant in strawberry fields with healthy plants.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularis
Rhizophagus irregularise5symbiont - Outcome
- considerably more abundante5
- Direction
- more abundante5
- Setting
- fields with healthy plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diseases in commercial strawberry crops worldwide”
e5“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi especially Rhizophagus irregularis were considerably more abundant in the fields with healthy plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fungal OTUs clustered into three distinct groups corresponding to functional guilds of fungi.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- clustered into three distinct groupse3
- Qualifier
- corresponding to different functional guilds of fungie3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diseases in commercial strawberry crops worldwide”
e3“The OTUs were also clustered into three distinct groups, corresponding to different functional guilds of fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Illumina amplicon sequencing revealed 990 to 1430 operational taxonomic units per soil sample in strawberry fields.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- operational taxonomic units (OTUs) per soil samplee1
- Value
- 990 to 1430e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diseases in commercial strawberry crops worldwide”
e1“Our analysis revealed 990 to 1430 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) per soil sample”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascomycota were the most OTU-rich phylum, at 55.5% in strawberry soil fungal communities.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- were the most OTUs-riche2
- Value
- 55.5%e2
- Qualifier
- Ascomycotae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diseases in commercial strawberry crops worldwide”
e2“Based on our analyses, Ascomycota (55.5%) and Basidiomycota (25.0%) were the most OTUs-rich”
Claim · model-written summary
Basidiomycota were the most OTU-rich phylum, at 25.0% in strawberry soil fungal communities.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- were the most OTUs-riche2
- Value
- 25.0%e2
- Qualifier
- Basidiomycotae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diseases in commercial strawberry crops worldwide”
e2“Based on our analyses, Ascomycota (55.5%) and Basidiomycota (25.0%) were the most OTUs-rich”
Claim · model-written summary
Geomyces, Rhodotorula, Verticillium and Microdochium were the most abundant genera across nearly all strawberry soil samples.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- most abundant generae6
- Qualifier
- Geomyces, Rhodotorula, Verticillium and Microdochiume6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diseases in commercial strawberry crops worldwide”
e6“Geomyces, Rhodotorula, Verticillium and Microdochium were the most abundant genera, which were found across nearly all the soil samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Illumina technology was useful for surveying soil fungal communities in strawberry fields.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- usefulness of Illumina technology in surveying the communities of soil fungie7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diseases in commercial strawberry crops worldwide”
e7“Our study for the first time shows the usefulness of Illumina technology in surveying the communities of soil fungi in strawberry fields effectively”