Abstract
On invasion of roots, plant-parasitic nematodes secrete effectors to manipulate the cellular regulation of the host to promote parasitism. The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is one of the most damaging nematodes of rice. Here, we identified a novel effector of this nematode, named Mg16820, expressed in the nematode subventral glands. We localized the Mg16820 effector in the apoplast during the migration phase of the second-stage juvenile in rice roots. In addition, during early development of the feeding site, Mg16820 was localized in giant cells, where it accumulated in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, we demonstrated that Mg16820 directed to the apoplast was able to suppress flg22-induced reactive oxygen species production. In addition, expression of Mg16820 in the cytoplasm resulted in the suppression of the R2/Avr2- and Mi-1.2-induced hypersensitive response. A potential target protein of Mg16820 identified with the yeast two-hybrid system was the dehydration stress-inducible protein 1 (DIP1). Bimolecular fluorescence complementation resulted in a strong signal in the nucleus. DIP1 has been described as an abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive gene and ABA is involved in the biotic and abiotic stress response. Our results demonstrate that Mg16820 is able to act in two cellular compartments as an immune suppressor and targets a protein involved in the stress response, therefore indicating an important role for this effector in parasitism.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Mg16820 was identified in nematode subventral glands.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae2pest
- Gene
- Mg16820e0
- Outcome
- expressed in the nematode subventral glandse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified a novel effector of this nematode, named Mg16820, expressed in the nematode subventral glands”
e1“nematodes of rice”
e2“Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg16820 localized to the apoplast during juvenile migration in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice rootse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae1pest
- Gene
- Mg16820e0
- Outcome
- apoplaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg16820 effector in the apoplast during the migration phase of the second-stage juvenile in rice roots”
e1“Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg16820 accumulated in giant-cell cytoplasm and nucleus during early feeding-site development.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- giant cellse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae2pest
- Gene
- Mg16820e0
- Outcome
- cytoplasm and the nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during early development of the feeding site, Mg16820 was localized in giant cells, where it accumulated in the cytoplasm and the nucleus”
e1“rice roots”
e2“Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Apoplast-directed Mg16820 suppressed flg22-induced reactive oxygen production.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Mg16820 directed to the apoplaste0
- Gene
- Mg16820e0
- Outcome
- flg22-induced reactive oxygen species productione0
- Direction
- suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, we demonstrated that Mg16820 directed to the apoplast was able to suppress flg22-induced reactive oxygen species production”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytoplasmic Mg16820 suppressed R2/Avr2- and Mi-1.2-induced hypersensitive response.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- expression of Mg16820 in the cytoplasme0
- Gene
- Mg16820e0
- Outcome
- R2/Avr2- and Mi-1.2-induced hypersensitive responsee0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of Mg16820 in the cytoplasm resulted in the suppression of the R2/Avr2- and Mi-1.2-induced hypersensitive response”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast two-hybrid identified DIP1 as a potential Mg16820 target.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Gene
- dehydration stress-inducible protein 1 (DIP1)e0
- Outcome
- potential target protein of Mg16820e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A potential target protein of Mg16820 identified with the yeast two-hybrid system was the dehydration stress-inducible protein 1 (DIP1)”
e1“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Bimolecular fluorescence complementation produced a strong nuclear signal.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- strong signal in the nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bimolecular fluorescence complementation resulted in a strong signal in the nucleus”
e1“rice roots”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · disease · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
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See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.