Abstract
Population dynamics of green apple aphid (Aphis pomi) in relation to the natural enemies and weather parameters was studied in three districts viz., Srinagar, Budgam, and Ganderbal of Kashmir during 2012–13 and 2013–14. The peak population of A. pomi was recorded as 39.5 and 37.0 aphids/shoot in Srinagar; 42.6 and 47.0 aphids/shoot in Budgam and 41.3 and 54.8 aphids/shoot in Ganderbal at 2nd fortnight of June during 2012–13 and 2013–14, respectively with exception during 2013–14 in Ganderbal the peak was attained at 1st fortnight of July. The natural enemies include coccinellids, syrphid fly and Chrysoperla and were recorded highest in 1st fortnight of July except Srinagar was on16th June during both years. Highest % of parasitization was found on 2nd fortnight of July and ranged 14.2 to 15.2% and 13.4–15.6% during 2012–13 and 2013–14, respectively. The A. pomi overwintering nymphs was 0.3 and 0.5/10 buds and their mean maximum population was 0.66 and 1.0/10 buds on 2nd fortnight of December during 2012–13 and 2013–14, respectively in Srinagar and trend was also similar in other locations of Kashmir. The temperature played major role to buildup the population of aphid, its predators and parasitoids and after attaining peak population of natural enemies, the aphid population tends to decrease. Relative humidity had a positive influence along with temperature on aphid population and rainfall had negative influence.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The peak green apple aphid population in Srinagar was 39.5 and 37.0 aphids per shoot.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Interactor
- A. pomi
.jpg?width=60)
Aphis pomie0pest - Outcome
- peak populatione0
- Value
- 39.5 and 37.0 aphids/shoote0
- Setting
- Srinagare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“apple orchard of Kashmir”
e0“The peak population of A. pomi was recorded as 39.5 and 37.0 aphids/shoot in Srinagar”
Claim · model-written summary
The peak green apple aphid population in Budgam was 42.6 and 47.0 aphids per shoot.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- A. pomiAphis pomie0pest
- Outcome
- peak populatione0
- Value
- 42.6 and 47.0 aphids/shoote1
- Setting
- Budgame1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple orchard of Kashmir”
e0“The peak population of A. pomi was recorded as 39.5 and 37.0 aphids/shoot in Srinagar”
e1“42.6 and 47.0 aphids/shoot in Budgam”
Claim · model-written summary
The peak green apple aphid population in Ganderbal was 41.3 and 54.8 aphids per shoot.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- A. pomiAphis pomie0pest
- Outcome
- peak populatione0
- Value
- 41.3 and 54.8 aphids/shoote2
- Qualifier
- at 2nd fortnight of Junee2
- Setting
- Ganderbale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple orchard of Kashmir”
e0“The peak population of A. pomi was recorded as 39.5 and 37.0 aphids/shoot in Srinagar”
e2“41.3 and 54.8 aphids/shoot in Ganderbal at 2nd fortnight of June”
Claim · model-written summary
Coccinellids, syrphid flies and Chrysoperla were recorded highest in the first fortnight of July.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- coccinellidse3biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Chrysoperla
Chrysoperlae3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- natural enemiese3
- Direction
- recorded higheste3
- Qualifier
- syrphid flye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple orchard of Kashmir”
e3“The natural enemies include coccinellids, syrphid fly and Chrysoperla and were recorded highest in 1st fortnight of July”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitization of green apple aphid was highest in the second fortnight of July, 14.2 to 15.2% in 2012–13.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- parasitizatione4
- Value
- 14.2 to 15.2%e4
- Qualifier
- 2nd fortnight of Julye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple orchard of Kashmir”
e4“Highest % of parasitization was found on 2nd fortnight of July and ranged 14.2 to 15.2% and 13.4–15.6% during 2012–13 and 2013–14, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitization of green apple aphid was highest in the second fortnight of July, 13.4–15.6% in 2013–14.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- parasitizatione4
- Value
- 13.4–15.6%e4
- Qualifier
- 2nd fortnight of Julye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple orchard of Kashmir”
e4“Highest % of parasitization was found on 2nd fortnight of July and ranged 14.2 to 15.2% and 13.4–15.6% during 2012–13 and 2013–14, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Overwintering green apple aphid nymphs numbered 0.3 and 0.5 per 10 buds in Srinagar.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- A. pomiAphis pomie5pest
- Outcome
- overwintering nymphse5
- Value
- 0.3 and 0.5/10 budse5
- Qualifier
- 2nd fortnight of Decembere5
- Setting
- Srinagare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple orchard of Kashmir”
e5“The A. pomi overwintering nymphs was 0.3 and 0.5/10 buds and their mean maximum population was 0.66 and 1.0/10 buds on 2nd fortnight of December during 2012–13 and 2013–14, respectively in Srinagar”
Claim · model-written summary
The mean maximum green apple aphid population on 2nd fortnight of December was 0.66 and 1.0 per 10 buds in Srinagar.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- A. pomiAphis pomie5pest
- Outcome
- mean maximum populatione5
- Value
- 0.66 and 1.0/10 budse5
- Qualifier
- 2nd fortnight of Decembere5
- Setting
- Srinagare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple orchard of Kashmir”
e5“The A. pomi overwintering nymphs was 0.3 and 0.5/10 buds and their mean maximum population was 0.66 and 1.0/10 buds on 2nd fortnight of December during 2012–13 and 2013–14, respectively in Srinagar”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature played a major role in building up the aphid population.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- temperaturee6
- Outcome
- population of aphide6
- Direction
- buildupe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple orchard of Kashmir”
e6“The temperature played major role to buildup the population of aphid”
Claim · model-written summary
After the natural enemy population peaks, the aphid population tends to decrease.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- peak population of natural enemiese7
- Outcome
- aphid populatione7
- Direction
- tends to decreasee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple orchard of Kashmir”
e7“after attaining peak population of natural enemies, the aphid population tends to decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative humidity had a positive influence on the aphid population.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Relative humiditye1
- Outcome
- aphid populatione1
- Direction
- positive influencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple orchard of Kashmir”
e1“Relative humidity had a positive influence along with temperature on aphid population”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall had a negative influence on the aphid population.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- rainfalle2
- Outcome
- aphid populatione1
- Direction
- negative influencee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple orchard of Kashmir”
e1“Relative humidity had a positive influence along with temperature on aphid population”
e2“rainfall had negative influence”