Abstract
Hybrid crops produce higher yields than their inbred parents due to heterosis. For high purity of hybrid seeds, it is critical to eliminate self-pollination. Manual or mechanical removal of male parts (such as detasseling in maize) is labor-intensive, fuel and time-consuming, and can cause physical damage to female plants, resulting in significant seed yield reductions. Many male-sterility systems either require a maintainer for male-sterile line propagation or are often affected by environmental factors. Roundup® Hybridization System (RHS) utilizes glyphosate to induce male sterility, which effectively eliminates the need for maintainer lines and removal of male parts for commercial hybrid seed production. The first-generation RHS (RHS1) is based on low expression of a glyphosate-insensitive 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) in pollen. This report presents the second-generation RHS (RHS2) technology built on RNA interference (RNAi) combined with CP4 EPSPS. It utilizes maize endogenous male tissue-specific small interfering RNAs (mts-siRNAs) to trigger cleavage of the CP4 EPSPS mRNA specifically in tassels, resulting in glyphosate-sensitive male cells due to lack of the CP4 EPSPS protein. Male sterility is then induced by glyphosate application at the stages critical for pollen development, and the male-sterile plants are used as the female parent to produce hybrid seed. The endogenous mts-siRNAs are conserved across maize germplasms, and the inducible male sterility was replicated in representative germplasms through introgression of a CP4 EPSPS transgene containing the mts-siRNA target sequence. This technology combines the relative simplicity and convenience of a systemic herbicide spray methodology with targeted protein expression to create an inducible male sterility system for industrial production of row crop hybrid seeds in an environmentally-independent manner.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Maize tassel-specific small interfering RNAs cleaved CP4 EPSPS mRNA in tassels, leaving male cells glyphosate sensitive.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize endogenous male tissue-specific small interfering RNAs (mts-siRNAs) to trigger cleavage of the CP4 EPSPS mRNA specifically in tassels, resulting in glyphosate-sensitive male cells due to lack of the CP4 EPSPS protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate application at critical pollen-development stages induced male sterility.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Male sterility is then induced by glyphosate application at the stages critical for pollen development”
t0“Zea mays L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The induced male-sterile plants served as female parents for hybrid seed production.
- Outcome
- female parent to produce hybrid seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the male-sterile plants are used as the female parent to produce hybrid seed”
t0“Zea mays L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous male tissue-specific small interfering RNAs were conserved across maize germplasms.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The endogenous mts-siRNAs are conserved across maize germplasms”
Claim · model-written summary
Inducible male sterility was reproduced in representative germplasms carrying a targeted CP4 EPSPS transgene.
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inducible male sterility was replicated in representative germplasms through introgression of a CP4 EPSPS transgene containing the mts-siRNA target sequence”
t0“Zea mays L.”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.