Abstract
Residue burning in highland maize production is detrimental to soil fertility and contributes to Southeast Asia's haze problem. This study first determined residue production of four common grain legumes -lablab, rice bean, cowpea and mung beanwhen intercropped with maize at Pang Da Royal Project Station in Chiang Mai, Thailand; the maize-lablab intercrop produced the largest amount of residue with the highest concentration of nitrogen. Then, this intercrop was evaluated for its effect on soil erosion compared to the farmers' practice of growing maize with residue burning, as well as maize without residue burning, on 33-48% slopes in Santisuk district, Nan province, northern Thailand, in the wet season of 2014 and 2015. Growing maize without burning significantly reduced soil and nitrogen loss in the first year, and with the maize/lablab intercrop reduced them considerably more by the second crop year, to only 11% of the soil and 14% of the nitrogen lost under the farmers' practice of burning the maize residue. The effects of intercropping with lablab and not burning were associated with 64% more residue after two crop years and 24% higher maize grain yield by the second crop year compared to growing maize alone with residue burning -the farmers' practice. Intercropping highland maize with a legume such as lablab without residue burning effectively reduced soil erosion and increased soil fertility and maize grain yield, while offering the additional benefit of not contributing to the region's haze problem.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The maize-lablab intercrop produced the largest amount of residue among the intercrops tested.
- Treatment
- maize-lablab intercrope1
- Outcome
- amount of residuee1
- Direction
- largeste1
- Setting
- Pang Da Royal Project Station in Chiang Mai, Thailande0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at Pang Da Royal Project Station in Chiang Mai, Thailand”
e1“the maize-lablab intercrop produced the largest amount of residue with the highest concentration of nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize-lablab intercrop had the highest nitrogen concentration in its residue among the intercrops tested.
- Treatment
- maize-lablab intercrope1
- Outcome
- concentration of nitrogene1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Setting
- Pang Da Royal Project Station in Chiang Mai, Thailande0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at Pang Da Royal Project Station in Chiang Mai, Thailand”
e1“the maize-lablab intercrop produced the largest amount of residue with the highest concentration of nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing maize without burning significantly reduced soil and nitrogen loss in the first year compared with the farmers practice of burning.
- Treatment
- Growing maize without burninge2
- Outcome
- soil and nitrogen losse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- in the first yeare2
- Comparator
- farmers' practice of growing maize with residue burninge3
- Setting
- Santisuk district, Nan province, northern Thailande4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Growing maize without burning significantly reduced soil and nitrogen loss in the first year”
e3“this intercrop was evaluated for its effect on soil erosion compared to the farmers' practice of growing maize with residue burning”
e4“on 33-48% slopes in Santisuk district, Nan province, northern Thailand, in the wet season of 2014 and 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize/lablab intercrop reduced soil loss to 11% of the farmers practice by the second crop year.
- Treatment
- maize/lablab intercrope5
- Outcome
- soile5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 11%e5
- Qualifier
- by the second crop yeare5
- Comparator
- farmers' practice of burning the maize residuee5
- Setting
- Santisuk district, Nan province, northern Thailande4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“with the maize/lablab intercrop reduced them considerably more by the second crop year, to only 11% of the soil and 14% of the nitrogen lost under the farmers' practice of burning the maize residue”
e4“on 33-48% slopes in Santisuk district, Nan province, northern Thailand, in the wet season of 2014 and 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize/lablab intercrop reduced nitrogen loss to 14% of the farmers practice by the second crop year.
- Treatment
- maize/lablab intercrope5
- Outcome
- nitrogen loste5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 14%e5
- Qualifier
- by the second crop yeare5
- Comparator
- farmers' practice of burning the maize residuee5
- Setting
- Santisuk district, Nan province, northern Thailande4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“with the maize/lablab intercrop reduced them considerably more by the second crop year, to only 11% of the soil and 14% of the nitrogen lost under the farmers' practice of burning the maize residue”
e4“on 33-48% slopes in Santisuk district, Nan province, northern Thailand, in the wet season of 2014 and 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with lablab without burning was associated with 64% more residue after two crop years than growing maize alone with residue burning.
- Treatment
- intercropping with lablab and not burninge6
- Outcome
- residuee6
- Direction
- moree6
- Value
- 64%e6
- Qualifier
- after two crop yearse6
- Comparator
- growing maize alone with residue burninge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The effects of intercropping with lablab and not burning were associated with 64% more residue after two crop years”
e7“compared to growing maize alone with residue burning”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with lablab without burning gave 24% higher maize grain yield by the second crop year than growing maize alone with residue burning.
- Treatment
- intercropping with lablab and not burninge6
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde7
- Direction
- highere7
- Value
- 24%e7
- Qualifier
- by the second crop yeare7
- Comparator
- growing maize alone with residue burninge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The effects of intercropping with lablab and not burning were associated with 64% more residue after two crop years”
e7“24% higher maize grain yield by the second crop year compared to growing maize alone with residue burning”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping highland maize with lablab without residue burning increased soil fertility.
- Treatment
- Intercropping highland maize with a legume such as lablab without residue burninge7
- Outcome
- soil fertilitye7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Intercropping highland maize with a legume such as lablab without residue burning effectively reduced soil erosion and increased soil fertility and maize grain yield”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.