Abstract
ABSTRACT: Use of synthetic herbicides to control weeds poses serious threats to sustainable agricultural production around the globe. The phytotoxic effect of different plant water extracts (i.e., sorghum, sunflower and mulberry) against weeds has been previously studied; however, their combined effects at different rates are yet to be explored. In this study, mixtures of allelopathic water extracts of sorghum + sunflower and sorghum + sunflower + mulberry were sprayed each at 12, 15, 18 and 21 L ha-1 at 40 and 55 days after sowing in wheat to control wild oats (Avena fatua), little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor), lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album) and swine cress (Coronopus didymus). A synthetic herbicide Affinity 50 WP (Carfentrazone-ethyl 0.75% + Isoproturon 50% applied at 1000 g a.i., ha-1) and a weedy check were kept as a control treatment. The increasing order of water extract dose 12-21 L ha-1 showed substantial reduction in total weed density and their dry biomass production of both narrow and broad-leaved weeds in all the treatment combinations. Mixture of sorghum + sunflower + mulberry water extracts each at 18 L ha-1 applied at 40+55 DAS resulted in an 87.14% decrease in total weed dry matter with a 19.5% increase in grain yield of wheat and higher net benefits of Rs. 100525 with 777.5% marginal rate of return. Nonetheless, application of sorghum + sunflower water extracts each at 12 L ha-1 at 40+55 DAS was more economical than the other treatments in terms of higher marginal rate of return of 799.82%. Based on this study, it can be suggested that the use of allelopathic plant water extracts in a mixture may act as a potential weed control strategy in wheat.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing water extract doses of 12-21 L per ha substantially reduced total weed density and dry biomass of weeds relative to the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- water extract dose 12-21 L ha-1e1
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- total weed density and their dry biomass productione1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Comparator
- weedy checke2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of allelopathic plant water extracts in a mixture may act as a potential weed control strategy in wheat”
e1“The increasing order of water extract dose 12-21 L ha-1 showed substantial reduction in total weed density and their dry biomass production of both narrow and broad-leaved weeds in all the treatment combinations”
e2“and a weedy check were kept as a control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture of sorghum, sunflower and mulberry water extracts at 18 L per ha decreased total weed dry matter by 87.14%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Mixture of sorghum + sunflower + mulberry water extracts each at 18 L ha-1e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed dry mattere0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 87.14%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixture of sorghum + sunflower + mulberry water extracts each at 18 L ha-1 applied at 40+55 DAS resulted in an 87.14% decrease in total weed dry matter with a 19.5% increase in grain yield of wheat”
e1“and a weedy check were kept as a control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The same mixture at 18 L per ha increased wheat grain yield by 19.5%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Mixture of sorghum + sunflower + mulberry water extracts each at 18 L ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yield of wheate0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 19.5%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixture of sorghum + sunflower + mulberry water extracts each at 18 L ha-1 applied at 40+55 DAS resulted in an 87.14% decrease in total weed dry matter with a 19.5% increase in grain yield of wheat”
e1“and a weedy check were kept as a control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The same mixture at 18 L per ha gave higher net benefits of Rs. 100525.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Mixture of sorghum + sunflower + mulberry water extracts each at 18 L ha-1e0
- Outcome
- net benefitse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- Rs. 100525e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixture of sorghum + sunflower + mulberry water extracts each at 18 L ha-1 applied at 40+55 DAS resulted in an 87.14% decrease in total weed dry matter with a 19.5% increase in grain yield of wheat”
e1“higher net benefits of Rs. 100525 with 777.5% marginal rate of return”
e2“and a weedy check were kept as a control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The same mixture at 18 L per ha gave a marginal rate of return of 777.5%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Mixture of sorghum + sunflower + mulberry water extracts each at 18 L ha-1e0
- Outcome
- marginal rate of returne1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 777.5%e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixture of sorghum + sunflower + mulberry water extracts each at 18 L ha-1 applied at 40+55 DAS resulted in an 87.14% decrease in total weed dry matter with a 19.5% increase in grain yield of wheat”
e1“higher net benefits of Rs. 100525 with 777.5% marginal rate of return”
e2“and a weedy check were kept as a control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum and sunflower water extracts at 12 L per ha applied at 40+55 DAS were more economical than the other treatments, with a marginal rate of return of 799.82%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sorghum + sunflower water extracts each at 12 L ha-1 at 40+55 DASe1
- Outcome
- marginal rate of returne1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 799.82%e1
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of allelopathic plant water extracts in a mixture may act as a potential weed control strategy in wheat”
e1“application of sorghum + sunflower water extracts each at 12 L ha-1 at 40+55 DAS was more economical than the other treatments in terms of higher marginal rate of return of 799.82%”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed allelopathic plant water extracts may be a potential weed control strategy in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- use of allelopathic plant water extracts in a mixturee0
- Outcome
- potential weed control strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of allelopathic plant water extracts in a mixture may act as a potential weed control strategy in wheat”
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