Abstract
SUMMARY Rice is the main food for most of the human population, so sustainable rice production is very important for food security. The fertility of the soil in paddy fields is the key factor controlling rice growth and production. Steel slag amendment is becoming an effective method to increase the soil fertility, stabilize rice production and reduce greenhouse-gas emissions in Asiatic paddy fields (i.e. Korea, Japan, Bangladesh and China). We studied the relationships of steel slag amendment with plant–soil nutrient allocation, stoichiometry and rice yield in a paddy field in subtropical China. Amendment was associated with higher soil N and P availability, lower available-N:available-P ratio and higher available Ca and Si concentrations. Increases in P, Ca and Mg availability were correlated with high yields. High yields under steel slag amendment were also associated with high foliar and stem N and P concentrations and lower N:P ratios and with high shoot/root N and P concentration ratios, traits that are typically associated with productive ecosystems able to support species with high growth rates. The positive correlation between steel slag application and yield was partially due to an indirect effect (35% of the total effect) of enhancement of soil Ca, Si and P availability, which were positively correlated with yield. Steel slag amendment in this paddy field increased plant growth and yield by enhancing nutrient availability, altering soil and plant stoichiometry and shifting stem:root nutrient allocation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Steel slag amendment was associated with higher soil N and P availability.
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Verbatim
e0“Amendment was associated with higher soil N and P availability”
Claim · model-written summary
Steel slag amendment was associated with a lower available-N:available-P ratio.
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“lower available-N:available-P ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Steel slag amendment was associated with higher available Ca and Si concentrations.
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“higher available Ca and Si concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Increases in P, Ca and Mg availability correlated with high rice yields.
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Verbatim
e0“Increases in P, Ca and Mg availability were correlated with high yields”
Claim · model-written summary
High yields under steel slag amendment were associated with high foliar and stem N and P concentrations.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“High yields under steel slag amendment were also associated with high foliar and stem N and P concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
High yields under steel slag amendment were associated with lower N:P ratios.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“High yields under steel slag amendment were also associated with high foliar and stem N and P concentrations and lower N:P ratios”
Claim · model-written summary
High yields were associated with high shoot/root N and P concentration ratios.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“high shoot/root N and P concentration ratios”
Claim · model-written summary
An indirect effect through soil Ca, Si and P availability accounted for 35% of the steel slag application–yield correlation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“an indirect effect (35% of the total effect) of enhancement of soil Ca, Si and P availability”
Claim · model-written summary
Steel slag amendment increased rice growth and yield.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Steel slag amendment in this paddy field increased plant growth and yield”