Abstract
Abstract Analysis of the potato yield gap and the corresponding nutrient gap can help in devising strategies and measurements to increase productivity for closing the gaps through improved practices. On-farm experiments conducted in the main potato production areas of northwest China were used to determine attainable yield. Official statistical data were used to determine the actual on-farm yield. Yield gap was the difference between attainable yield and actual on-farm yield. Nutrient gap was calculated by dividing the size of yield gap by partial factor productivity. Results indicated that nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization increased potato yield by an average of 1169–7625, 2937–5336 and 2331–7338 kg/ha, respectively. The maximum attainable yields (the 90th percentile yields) were 50 145, 37 855, 30 261 and 56 616 kg/ha and the average actual on-farm yield were 14 179, 16 732, 10 271 and 19 990 kg/ha in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces, respectively. In the above four regions, yield would need to increase by 165, 70, 112 and 121% from actual yield to reach 75% of attainable yield. Compared with recent 3-year average NPK rates by farmers, the total NPK rates need to increase by 90.1–134.3% for IMAR, 42.9–69.2% for Gansu, 68.1–111.2% for Ningxia and 48.1–83.8% for Qinghai to improve productivity to near the 75% attainable yield. In conclusion, the high yield responses to fertilizer application provide opportunities to close the large yield gaps through balanced nutrition.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased potato yield by 1169–7625 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- nitrogen (N)e0
- Outcome
- potato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1169–7625e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization increased potato yield by an average of 1169–7625, 2937–5336 and 2331–7338 kg/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilization increased potato yield by 2937–5336 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- phosphorus (P)e0
- Outcome
- potato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2937–5336e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization increased potato yield by an average of 1169–7625, 2937–5336 and 2331–7338 kg/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization increased potato yield by 2331–7338 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- potassium (K)e0
- Outcome
- potato yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2331–7338 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization increased potato yield by an average of 1169–7625, 2937–5336 and 2331–7338 kg/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum attainable yield in IMAR was 50 145 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- maximum attainable yieldse0
- Value
- 50 145e0
- Setting
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum attainable yields (the 90th percentile yields) were 50 145, 37 855, 30 261 and 56 616 kg/ha”
e1“Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces, respectively”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum attainable yield in Gansu was 37 855 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- maximum attainable yieldse0
- Value
- 37 855e0
- Setting
- Gansue1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum attainable yields (the 90th percentile yields) were 50 145, 37 855, 30 261 and 56 616 kg/ha”
e1“Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum attainable yield in Ningxia was 30 261 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- maximum attainable yieldse0
- Value
- 30 261e0
- Setting
- Ningxiae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum attainable yields (the 90th percentile yields) were 50 145, 37 855, 30 261 and 56 616 kg/ha”
e1“Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum attainable yield in Qinghai was 56 616 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- maximum attainable yieldse0
- Value
- 56 616 kg/hae0
- Setting
- Qinghaie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum attainable yields (the 90th percentile yields) were 50 145, 37 855, 30 261 and 56 616 kg/ha”
e1“Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Average actual yield in IMAR was 14 179 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- average actual on-farm yielde0
- Value
- 14 179e0
- Setting
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average actual on-farm yield were 14 179, 16 732, 10 271 and 19 990 kg/ha”
e1“Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces, respectively”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Average actual yield in Gansu was 16 732 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- average actual on-farm yielde0
- Value
- 16 732e0
- Setting
- Gansue1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average actual on-farm yield were 14 179, 16 732, 10 271 and 19 990 kg/ha”
e1“Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Average actual yield in Ningxia was 10 271 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- average actual on-farm yielde0
- Value
- 10 271e0
- Setting
- Ningxiae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average actual on-farm yield were 14 179, 16 732, 10 271 and 19 990 kg/ha”
e1“Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Average actual yield in Qinghai was 19 990 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- average actual on-farm yielde0
- Value
- 19 990 kg/hae0
- Setting
- Qinghaie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average actual on-farm yield were 14 179, 16 732, 10 271 and 19 990 kg/ha”
e1“Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
IMAR yield needs to rise 165% to reach 75% of attainable yield.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 165e0
- Qualifier
- reach 75% of attainable yielde0
- Setting
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield would need to increase by 165, 70, 112 and 121% from actual yield to reach 75% of attainable yield”
e1“Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Gansu yield needs to rise 70% to reach 75% of attainable yield.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 70e0
- Qualifier
- reach 75% of attainable yielde0
- Setting
- Gansue1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield would need to increase by 165, 70, 112 and 121% from actual yield to reach 75% of attainable yield”
e1“Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Ningxia yield needs to rise 112% to reach 75% of attainable yield.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 112e0
- Qualifier
- reach 75% of attainable yielde0
- Setting
- Ningxiae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield would need to increase by 165, 70, 112 and 121% from actual yield to reach 75% of attainable yield”
e1“Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Qinghai yield needs to rise 121% to reach 75% of attainable yield.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 121%e0
- Qualifier
- reach 75% of attainable yielde0
- Setting
- Qinghaie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield would need to increase by 165, 70, 112 and 121% from actual yield to reach 75% of attainable yield”
e1“Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
IMAR NPK rates need to increase 90.1–134.3% to approach 75% attainable yield.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- total NPK rates need to increasee0
- Value
- 90.1–134.3%e0
- Comparator
- recent 3-year average NPK rates by farmerse1
- Setting
- IMARe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total NPK rates need to increase by 90.1–134.3% for IMAR”
e1“Compared with recent 3-year average NPK rates by farmers”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Gansu NPK rates need to increase 42.9–69.2%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- total NPK rates need to increasee1
- Value
- 42.9–69.2%e0
- Setting
- Gansue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“42.9–69.2% for Gansu”
e1“total NPK rates need to increase”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Ningxia NPK rates need to increase 68.1–111.2%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- total NPK rates need to increasee1
- Value
- 68.1–111.2%e0
- Setting
- Ningxiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“68.1–111.2% for Ningxia”
e1“total NPK rates need to increase”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Qinghai NPK rates need to increase 48.1–83.8%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Outcome
- total NPK rates need to increasee1
- Value
- 48.1–83.8%e0
- Setting
- Qinghaie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“48.1–83.8% for Qinghai”
e1“total NPK rates need to increase”
e2“potato yield gap”
Claim · model-written summary
Balanced nutrition can help close large yield gaps.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Outcome
- close the large yield gaps through balanced nutritione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high yield responses to fertilizer application provide opportunities to close the large yield gaps through balanced nutrition”
e1“potato yield gap”
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