Abstract
Agricultural activities are affected by many biotic and abiotic stresses associated with global climate change. Predicting the response of plants to abiotic stress under future climate scenarios requires an understanding of plant biochemical performance in simulated stress conditions. In this study, the antioxidant response of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça exposed to warming (+2°C above ambient temperature) (eT), water deficit (wS) and the combination eT + wS was analysed under field conditions using a temperature free‐air‐controlled enhancement facility. Warming was applied during the entire growth period. Data were collected at 13, 19 and 37 days after the start of the water deficit treatment (DAT) and at two sampling times (6:00 and 12:00 h). A significant decrease in chlorophyll was observed under the wS treatment, but an increment in total chlorophyll was observed in eT + wS, particularly at 19 DAT. Significant increase in H 2 O 2 content, malondialdehyde and protein oxidation was observed in the wS treatment at noon of the third sampling. In the combined wS + eT stress treatment, the activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system increased, particularly of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11). The chlorophyll fluorescence images showed that the photochemical performance was not significantly affected by the treatments. In conclusion, under simulated future warming and water stress conditions, the photosystem II (PSII) activity of P. maximum acclimated to moderate warming and a water‐stressed environment associated with a relatively favourable antioxidant response, particularly in the activity of APX and SOD.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
A significant decrease in chlorophyll was observed under water deficit.
- Taxon
- Panicum maximum Jacq.
.jpg?width=60)
Megathyrsus maximuse0 - Material
- cv. Mombaçae0
- Treatment
- wS treatmente1
- Outcome
- chlorophylle1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça”
e1“A significant decrease in chlorophyll was observed under the wS treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Total chlorophyll increased under combined warming and water deficit, particularly at 19 DAT.
- Taxon
- Panicum maximum Jacq.Megathyrsus maximuse0
- Material
- cv. Mombaçae0
- Treatment
- eT + wSe2
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle2
- Direction
- incremente2
- Qualifier
- particularly at 19 DATe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça”
e2“an increment in total chlorophyll was observed in eT + wS, particularly at 19 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit significantly increased H2O2 content, malondialdehyde and protein oxidation at noon of the third sampling.
- Taxon
- Panicum maximum Jacq.Megathyrsus maximuse0
- Material
- cv. Mombaçae0
- Treatment
- wS treatmente3
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 content, malondialdehyde and protein oxidatione3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Qualifier
- at noon of the third samplinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça”
e3“Significant increase in H 2 O 2 content, malondialdehyde and protein oxidation was observed in the wS treatment at noon of the third sampling”
Claim · model-written summary
The activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system increased under combined warming and water deficit, particularly of SOD and APX.
- Taxon
- Panicum maximum Jacq.Megathyrsus maximuse0
- Material
- cv. Mombaçae0
- Treatment
- combined wS + eT stress treatmente4
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11)e4
- Outcome
- activity of the enzymatic antioxidant systeme4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça”
e4“In the combined wS + eT stress treatment, the activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system increased, particularly of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11)”
Claim · model-written summary
Photochemical performance was not significantly affected by the warming and water deficit treatments.
- Taxon
- Panicum maximum Jacq.Megathyrsus maximuse0
- Material
- cv. Mombaçae0
- Treatment
- the treatmentse5
- Outcome
- photochemical performancee5
- Direction
- not significantly affectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça”
e5“The chlorophyll fluorescence images showed that the photochemical performance was not significantly affected by the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
PSII activity of P. maximum acclimated to moderate warming, with a favourable antioxidant response in APX and SOD.
- Taxon
- Panicum maximum Jacq.Megathyrsus maximuse0
- Treatment
- moderate warminge6
- Gene
- APX and SODe7
- Outcome
- photosystem II (PSII) activitye6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça”
e6“the photosystem II (PSII) activity of P. maximum acclimated to moderate warming”
e7“particularly in the activity of APX and SOD”