Abstract
Green manures and compost have been widely used as alternatives to chemical fertilizers. The present study aimed to assess the changes in red pepper (Capsicum annuum) yield, soil properties, and soil enzyme activities under organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer management. The treatments used here were chemical fertilizer (CF), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) residue with CF (HV+N), and livestock compost (LC). The same amount of nitrogen was applied in all treatments. In general, all fertilization treatments significantly increased red pepper growth, yield, and macronutrient content compared to the control (CON); however, no differences were observed among the fertilization treatments. The phosphorous uptake rate was significantly higher in the HV+N treatment than the LC treatment. Post-experiment soil analysis showed that the LC application significantly increased soil organic matter, electrical conductivity, and available phosphorus content compared to the CF or HV+N treatments. The CF treatment significantly increased the nitrate content in the soil. The HV+N and LC treatments significantly increased soil dehydrogenase activity. The CF treatment resulted in significantly higher urease activity in the soil; whereas there were no differences in glucosidase and phosphatase enzyme activities among the treatments. These results suggest that the addition of hairy vetch residue to inorganic fertilizer, or a compost application, can increase enzyme activities while providing similar crop yield to those obtained with a chemical fertilizer application.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All fertilization treatments significantly increased red pepper growth, yield and macronutrient content relative to the control.
- Taxon
- red pepper
Capsicum annuum var. annuume1 - Treatment
- fertilization treatmentse1
- Outcome
- growth, yield, and macronutrient contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- control (CON)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“all fertilization treatments significantly increased red pepper growth, yield, and macronutrient content compared to the control (CON)”
Claim · model-written summary
No differences in red pepper growth, yield or macronutrient content were observed among the fertilization treatments.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Outcome
- growth, yield, and macronutrient contente1
- Qualifier
- no differences were observed among the fertilization treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“all fertilization treatments significantly increased red pepper growth, yield, and macronutrient content compared to the control (CON); however, no differences were observed among the fertilization treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The phosphorous uptake rate of red pepper was higher in the HV+N treatment than in the LC treatment.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- HV+Ne2
- Outcome
- phosphorous uptake ratee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- LC treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“all fertilization treatments significantly increased red pepper growth, yield, and macronutrient content compared to the control (CON)”
e2“The phosphorous uptake rate was significantly higher in the HV+N treatment than the LC treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The LC application significantly increased soil organic matter, electrical conductivity and available phosphorus content relative to the CF or HV+N treatments.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- LC applicatione3
- Outcome
- soil organic matter, electrical conductivity, and available phosphorus contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- CF or HV+N treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“all fertilization treatments significantly increased red pepper growth, yield, and macronutrient content compared to the control (CON)”
e3“the LC application significantly increased soil organic matter, electrical conductivity, and available phosphorus content compared to the CF or HV+N treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The CF treatment significantly increased soil nitrate content.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- CF treatmente4
- Outcome
- nitrate content in the soile4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“all fertilization treatments significantly increased red pepper growth, yield, and macronutrient content compared to the control (CON)”
e4“The CF treatment significantly increased the nitrate content in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The HV+N and LC treatments significantly increased soil dehydrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- HV+N and LC treatmentse5
- Outcome
- soil dehydrogenase activitye5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“all fertilization treatments significantly increased red pepper growth, yield, and macronutrient content compared to the control (CON)”
e5“The HV+N and LC treatments significantly increased soil dehydrogenase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The CF treatment significantly increased soil urease activity relative to the other treatments.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Treatment
- CF treatmente6
- Outcome
- urease activity in the soile6
- Direction
- highere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“all fertilization treatments significantly increased red pepper growth, yield, and macronutrient content compared to the control (CON)”
e6“The CF treatment resulted in significantly higher urease activity in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucosidase and phosphatase enzyme activities did not differ among the treatments.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Outcome
- glucosidase and phosphatase enzyme activitiese7
- Qualifier
- among the treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“all fertilization treatments significantly increased red pepper growth, yield, and macronutrient content compared to the control (CON)”
e7“there were no differences in glucosidase and phosphatase enzyme activities among the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding hairy vetch residue to inorganic fertilizer, or applying compost, is suggested to increase enzyme activities while giving crop yield similar to chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuume1
- Outcome
- the addition of hairy vetch residue to inorganic fertilizer, or a compost applicatione0
- Qualifier
- can increase enzyme activities while providing similar crop yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“all fertilization treatments significantly increased red pepper growth, yield, and macronutrient content compared to the control (CON)”
e0“These results suggest that the addition of hairy vetch residue to inorganic fertilizer, or a compost application, can increase enzyme activities while providing similar crop yield to those obtained with a chemical fertilizer application”
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