Abstract
Far-red (FR) light regulates phytochrome-mediated morphological and physiological plant responses. This study aims to investigate how greenhouse tomato morphology and production response to different durations of FR light during daytime and at the end of day (EOD). High-wire tomato plants were grown under intra-canopy lighting consisting of red (peak wavelength at 640 nm) and blue (peak wavelength at 450 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 144 µmol m–2 s–1 at 10 cm away from the lamps, and combined with overhead supplemental FR light (peak wavelength at 735 nm) with PPFD of 43 µmol m–2 s–1 at 20 cm below the lamps. Plants were exposed to three durations of FR supplemental lighting including: 06:00–18:00 (FR12), 18:00–19:30 (EOD-FR1.5), 18:00–18:30 (EOD-FR0.5), and control that without supplemental FR light. The results showed that supplemental FR light significantly stimulated stem elongation thereby resulting in longer plants compared with the control. Moreover, FR light altered leaf morphology toward higher leaf length/width ratio and larger leaf area. The altered plant architecture in FR supplemented plants led to a more homogeneous light distribution inside the canopy. Total plant biomass was increased by 9–16% under supplemental FR light in comparison with control, which led to 7–12% increase in ripe fruit yield. Soluble sugar content of the ripe tomato fruit was slightly decreased by longer exposure of the plants to FR light. Dry matter partitioning to different plant organs were not substantially affected by the FR light treatments. No significant differences were observed among the three FR light treatments in plant morphology as well as yield and biomass production. We conclude that under intra-canopy lighting, overhead supplemental FR light stimulates tomato growth and production. And supplementary of EOD-FR0.5 is more favorable, as it consumes less electricity but induces similar effects on plant morphology and yield.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental far-red light significantly increased stem elongation and plant length.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- supplemental FR lighte0
- Outcome
- stem elongatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplemental FR light significantly stimulated stem elongation thereby resulting in longer plants compared with the control”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light increased leaf length-to-width ratio and leaf area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- FR lighte0
- Outcome
- leaf length/width ratio and larger leaf areae0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR light altered leaf morphology toward higher leaf length/width ratio and larger leaf area”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red supplemented tomato plants had more homogeneous within-canopy light distribution.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- FR supplemented plantse0
- Outcome
- light distribution inside the canopye0
- Direction
- more homogeneouse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The altered plant architecture in FR supplemented plants led to a more homogeneous light distribution inside the canopy”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental far-red light increased total biomass by 9–16% relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- supplemental FR lighte0
- Outcome
- Total plant biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9–16%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total plant biomass was increased by 9–16% under supplemental FR light in comparison with control”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental far-red light increased ripe fruit yield by 7–12%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- supplemental FR lighte0
- Outcome
- ripe fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 7–12%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total plant biomass was increased by 9–16% under supplemental FR light in comparison with control, which led to 7–12% increase in ripe fruit yield”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer far-red exposure slightly decreased soluble sugar content of ripe tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- longer exposure of the plants to FR lighte0
- Outcome
- Soluble sugar content of the ripe tomato fruite0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble sugar content of the ripe tomato fruit was slightly decreased by longer exposure of the plants to FR light”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red treatments did not substantially affect dry-matter partitioning among organs.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- FR light treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Dry matter partitioning to different plant organse0
- Direction
- not substantially affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter partitioning to different plant organs were not substantially affected by the FR light treatments”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The three far-red treatments did not differ significantly in plant morphology, yield or biomass production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- three FR light treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant morphology as well as yield and biomass productione0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
- Comparator
- three FR light treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences were observed among the three FR light treatments in plant morphology as well as yield and biomass production”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors favored EOD-FR0.5 because it used less electricity with similar morphology and yield effects.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- EOD-FR0.5e0
- Outcome
- supplementary of EOD-FR0.5 is more favorablee0
- Qualifier
- consumes less electricity but induces similar effects on plant morphology and yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplementary of EOD-FR0.5 is more favorable, as it consumes less electricity but induces similar effects on plant morphology and yield”
t0“tomato”
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