Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a recently developed aerial spraying technology. However, the effect of spray volume variation on deposition and pesticide control efficacy is unknown. The effect of three UAV spray volumes (9.0, 16.8 and 28.1 L ha −1 ) using three different nozzle sizes on droplet deposition and wheat aphid and powdery mildew control efficacy was assessed. An electric air‐pressure knapsack (EAP) sprayer was used as a comparison. RESULTS Different spray volumes significantly influenced the deposition and control efficacy of the UAV and EAP. For the UAV, a low spray volume of 9.0 L ha −1 with a fine nozzle (nozzle LU120‐01) resulted in lower deposition and control efficacy. Optimal control efficacy was achieved with coarser nozzles (nozzles LU120‐02, ‐03) at > 16.8 L ha −1 volume with systemic insecticide, and at 28.1 L ha −1 with contact insecticide and fungicide. For EAP, a high spray volume led to run‐off, and a spray volume of 225 L ha −1 achieved better deposition and control efficacy. CONCLUSION The UAV had comparable deposition and efficacy control to the EAP at a higher spray volume (> 16.8 L ha −1 ) with coarse nozzles, but exhibited inferior deposition and efficacy control at a lower spray volume (<9.0 L ha −1 ) with fine nozzles. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Low-volume UAV spraying with a fine nozzle gave lower deposition.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 9.0 L ha −1 with a fine nozzle (nozzle LU120‐01)e0
- Outcome
- depositione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a low spray volume of 9.0 L ha −1 with a fine nozzle (nozzle LU120‐01) resulted in lower deposition and control efficacy.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-volume UAV spraying with a fine nozzle gave lower control efficacy.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 9.0 L ha −1 with a fine nozzle (nozzle LU120‐01)e0
- Outcome
- control efficacye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a low spray volume of 9.0 L ha −1 with a fine nozzle (nozzle LU120‐01) resulted in lower deposition and control efficacy.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Coarser UAV nozzles above 16.8 L ha −1 achieved optimal systemic insecticide control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coarser nozzles (nozzles LU120‐02, ‐03) at > 16.8 L ha −1 volume with systemic insecticidee0
- Outcome
- control efficacye0
- Direction
- Optimale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimal control efficacy was achieved with coarser nozzles (nozzles LU120‐02, ‐03) at > 16.8 L ha −1 volume with systemic insecticide”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28.1 L ha −1, coarse nozzles achieved optimal contact insecticide control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 28.1 L ha −1 with contact insecticidee0
- Outcome
- control efficacye0
- Direction
- Optimale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimal control efficacy was achieved with coarser nozzles (nozzles LU120‐02, ‐03) at > 16.8 L ha −1 volume with systemic insecticide, and at 28.1 L ha −1 with contact insecticide and fungicide.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28.1 L ha −1, coarse nozzles achieved optimal fungicide control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 28.1 L ha −1 with contact insecticide and fungicidee0
- Outcome
- control efficacye0
- Direction
- Optimale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimal control efficacy was achieved with coarser nozzles (nozzles LU120‐02, ‐03) at > 16.8 L ha −1 volume with systemic insecticide, and at 28.1 L ha −1 with contact insecticide and fungicide.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High EAP spray volume caused runoff.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high spray volumee0
- Outcome
- run‐offe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For EAP, a high spray volume led to run‐off”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
EAP spraying at 225 L ha −1 improved deposition and control efficacy.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 225 L ha −1e0
- Outcome
- deposition and control efficacye0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a spray volume of 225 L ha −1 achieved better deposition and control efficacy.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher spray volume and coarse nozzles, UAV deposition was comparable to EAP.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher spray volume (> 16.8 L ha −1 ) with coarse nozzlese0
- Outcome
- depositione0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- EAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The UAV had comparable deposition and efficacy control to the EAP at a higher spray volume (> 16.8 L ha −1 ) with coarse nozzles”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher spray volume and coarse nozzles, UAV control was comparable to EAP.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- efficacy controle0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- EAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The UAV had comparable deposition and efficacy control to the EAP at a higher spray volume (> 16.8 L ha −1 ) with coarse nozzles”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At low spray volume and fine nozzles, UAV deposition was inferior to EAP.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- depositione0
- Direction
- inferiore0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exhibited inferior deposition and efficacy control at a lower spray volume (<9.0 L ha −1 ) with fine nozzles”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At low spray volume and fine nozzles, UAV control was inferior to EAP.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- efficacy controle0
- Direction
- inferiore0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exhibited inferior deposition and efficacy control at a lower spray volume (<9.0 L ha −1 ) with fine nozzles”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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See all 36 papers →insecticide · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.