Abstract
Because of low content of available iron (Fe) in soils and its poor mobility in plants, iron fertilization is necessary. Different forms of iron (mineral salts, chelates, nanomaterials) and fertilization strategies (soil and foliar application of solid or liquid fertilizers) are used. The effect of solid mineral fertilizers (A: a mixture of ammonium nitrate and dolomite; B: a mixture of ammonium nitrate and sulfate) enriched with iron sulfate was assessed during a three-year pot experiment. Iron addition did not change the yield of spring rape (first year) or maize (second and third year) significantly, and the effect on iron content in the plants was ambiguous. Fertilizer B with iron had the greatest yield-forming effect, increasing the yield of aboveground parts by 355–874%, and of roots by 211–692% in particular years. All fertilizers (especially containing sulfur) acidified the soil. After the experiment, pH of the soil fertilized with sulfur was 4.1, and of the unfertilized soil – 5.2. Iron addition increased the content of mobile and exchangeable iron in the soil by 12–110% and 2–58%, respectively, but not the content of the fraction bound to MnOx. Combination of sulfur and iron fertilization has a potential to improve soil abundance and plant yield.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Iron addition did not significantly change spring rape yield in the first year.
- Taxon
- spring rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse1 - Treatment
- Iron additione1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- did not changee1
- Qualifier
- first yeare1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Iron addition did not change the yield of spring rape (first year) or maize (second and third year) significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron addition did not significantly change maize yield in the second and third year.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Iron addition did not change the yield of spring rape (first year) or maize (second and third year) significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of iron addition on iron content in the plants was ambiguous.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Treatment
- Iron additione2
- Outcome
- iron contente1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“and the effect on iron content in the plants was ambiguous”
e2“Iron addition did not change the yield of spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer B with iron increased aboveground-part yield by 355–874% in particular years.
- Taxon
- spring rape, maizeBrassica napus
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- Fertilizer B with irone1
- Outcome
- yield of aboveground partse1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 355–874%e1
- Qualifier
- in particular yearse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fertilizer B with iron had the greatest yield-forming effect, increasing the yield of aboveground parts by 355–874%, and of roots by 211–692% in particular years”
t0“Mineral fertilizers with iron influence spring rape, maize and soil properties”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer B with iron had the greatest yield-forming effect among the fertilizers tested.
- Taxon
- spring rape, maizeBrassica napusZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer B with irone1
- Outcome
- yield-forming effecte1
- Direction
- greateste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fertilizer B with iron had the greatest yield-forming effect”
t0“Mineral fertilizers with iron influence spring rape, maize and soil properties”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer B with iron increased root yield by 211–692% in particular years.
- Taxon
- spring rape, maizeBrassica napusZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer B with irone1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 211–692%e1
- Qualifier
- in particular yearse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fertilizer B with iron had the greatest yield-forming effect, increasing the yield of aboveground parts by 355–874%, and of roots by 211–692% in particular years”
t0“Mineral fertilizers with iron influence spring rape, maize and soil properties”
Claim · model-written summary
All fertilizers, especially those containing sulfur, acidified the soil.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“All fertilizers (especially containing sulfur) acidified the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fertilized with sulfur had pH 4.1, lower than the unfertilized soil (pH 5.2).
- Treatment
- fertilized with sulfure1
- Outcome
- pH of the soile1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 4.1e1
- Qualifier
- 5.2e1
- Comparator
- unfertilized soile1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“pH of the soil fertilized with sulfur was 4.1, and of the unfertilized soil – 5.2”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron addition increased the content of mobile iron in the soil by 12–110%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“Iron addition increased the content of mobile and exchangeable iron in the soil by 12–110%”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron addition increased the content of exchangeable iron in the soil by 2–58%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“Iron addition increased the content of mobile and exchangeable iron in the soil by 12–110% and 2–58%”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron addition did not change the content of the fraction bound to MnOx in the soil.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“but not the content of the fraction bound to MnOx”
e2“Iron addition increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend that combined sulfur and iron fertilization has potential to improve soil abundance and plant yield.
- Taxon
- spring rape, maizeBrassica napusZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Combination of sulfur and iron fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- soil abundance and plant yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combination of sulfur and iron fertilization has a potential to improve soil abundance and plant yield”
t0“Mineral fertilizers with iron influence spring rape, maize and soil properties”
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See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.