Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of selenium on flowering indices, sex determination of flowers, and yield of cucumber plant under heavy metal stress conditions. Treatments consisted of selenium (0, 4, 6, 8 mgL−1) and heavy metals of cadmium (0, 20, 25 µM) and lead (0, 60, 100 µM), which were applied in three stages during the experiment period. The results of this study showed that the stress of heavy metals with a negative effect on flowering indices resulted in delayed flowering and changing flower’s sex toward male flowers. Furthermore, delayed fruiting and significant decreases in fruit growth indices and total yield was observed in plants treated with cadmium and lead. Adding selenium to the culture medium resulted in accelerated flowering (reducing the time and number of nodes needed until the first flower emerges), the emergence of more male flowers, increased the ratio of the number of female flowers to male flowers in plants under stress, and the highest effect of this element was observed at the concentration 6 mg/L. Based on this results, the application of 4and 6mg/L selenium in stress and non-stress conditions enhanced fruiting (a significant reduction in the time required from cultivation to fertilize the first flower and the formation of fruit in lower nodes) and significantly increased the number of fruits, fruit length and diameter, single fruit weight and total yield, and the greatest effect of this element was observed in 6 mg/L concentration. The results of this study showed that selenium has a positive effect on control of stress conditions and improvement of flowering indices and total yield in cucumber plant under the stress of heavy elements of lead and cadmium.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium and lead stress delayed flowering in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- cadmium and lead stresst0
- Outcome
- flowering indicese0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage”
e0“the stress of heavy metals with a negative effect on flowering indices resulted in delayed flowering and changing flower’s sex toward male flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium and lead stress changed flower sex toward male flowers in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- cadmium and lead stresst0
- Outcome
- flower’s sexe0
- Direction
- changinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage”
e0“the stress of heavy metals with a negative effect on flowering indices resulted in delayed flowering and changing flower’s sex toward male flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium and lead treatment delayed fruiting in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- cadmium and leade1
- Outcome
- fruitinge1
- Direction
- delayede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage”
e1“delayed fruiting and significant decreases in fruit growth indices and total yield was observed in plants treated with cadmium and lead”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium and lead treatment significantly decreased fruit growth indices and total yield in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- cadmium and leade1
- Outcome
- fruit growth indices and total yielde1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage”
e1“delayed fruiting and significant decreases in fruit growth indices and total yield was observed in plants treated with cadmium and lead”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding selenium to the culture medium accelerated flowering in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Adding selenium to the culture mediume2
- Outcome
- floweringe2
- Direction
- acceleratede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage”
e2“Adding selenium to the culture medium resulted in accelerated flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding selenium to the culture medium led to the emergence of more male flowers in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Adding selenium to the culture mediume2
- Outcome
- male flowerse3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage”
e2“Adding selenium to the culture medium resulted in accelerated flowering”
e3“the emergence of more male flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium increased the ratio of female to male flowers in cucumber plants under stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Adding selenium to the culture mediume2
- Outcome
- ratio of the number of female flowers to male flowerse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- plants under stresse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage”
e2“Adding selenium to the culture medium resulted in accelerated flowering”
e4“increased the ratio of the number of female flowers to male flowers in plants under stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium at 6 mg/L had the highest effect among the tested selenium concentrations on cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- seleniume2
- Outcome
- effect of this elemente5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Qualifier
- concentration 6 mg/Le5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage”
e2“Adding selenium to the culture medium resulted in accelerated flowering”
e5“the highest effect of this element was observed at the concentration 6 mg/L”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium at 4 and 6 mg/L enhanced fruiting in cucumber under stress and non-stress conditions.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 4and 6mg/L seleniume6
- Outcome
- fruitinge6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Setting
- stress and non-stress conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage”
e6“the application of 4and 6mg/L selenium in stress and non-stress conditions enhanced fruiting”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium at 4 and 6 mg/L significantly increased fruit number, fruit length and fruit diameter in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 4and 6mg/L seleniume6
- Outcome
- number of fruits, fruit length and diametere7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage”
e6“the application of 4and 6mg/L selenium in stress and non-stress conditions enhanced fruiting”
e7“significantly increased the number of fruits, fruit length and diameter, single fruit weight and total yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium at 4 and 6 mg/L significantly increased single fruit weight and total yield in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 4and 6mg/L seleniume6
- Outcome
- single fruit weight and total yielde7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage”
e6“the application of 4and 6mg/L selenium in stress and non-stress conditions enhanced fruiting”
e7“significantly increased the number of fruits, fruit length and diameter, single fruit weight and total yield”
The same questions in other papers
lead atom · phenology · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
cadmium atom · yield · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
lead atom · yield · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
selenium atom · phenology · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
selenium atom · yield · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →in vitro · phenology · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.