Paper · 2016 · Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice

Comparative effect of pig manure, urea fertilizer and their combinations on the performance of Amaranthus cruentus in a rainforest Ultisol, Nigeria

Otobong B. Iren; Christiana J. Ijah; Damian O. Asawalam; et al.

6
claims
6
verbatim quotes
7
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

The influence of pig manure, urea and their combinations on the performance of Amaranthus cruentus was investigated for two years in a rainforest Ultisol of Umudike. The experiment was laid down in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Six treatments consisted of pig manure applied at equivalent rates of 90 kg N/ha as full dose of manure, urea at 60 kg N/ha as full dose of urea. Other treatments were ½ dose of manure (45 kg N/ha) + ½ dose of urea (30 kg N/ha), ¼ dose of manure (22.5 kg N/ha) + ¾ dose of urea (45 kg N/ha), ¾ dose of manure (67.5 kg N/ha) + ¼ dose of urea (15 kg N/ha), and the absolute control. Results indicated that Amaranthus plant height was not significantly (P >0.05) affected by the treatments compared to the control. The overall results showed that the combination of ½ manure + ½ urea significantly (P < 0.05) increased stem girth (17.42 cm), number of leaves per plant (44.76), fresh yield (41.51 t/ha) and dry matter yield (3.49 t/ha) of Amaranthus than sole application of either of them, and is therefore recommended as the best for optimum production of Amaranthus in the study area.

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Claims 6

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatments did not significantly affect Amaranthus plant height relative to the control.

Taxon
AmaranthusAmaranthuse0
Treatment
the treatmentse0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
not significantly (P >0.05) affectede0
Comparator
the controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Amaranthus
Amaranthus · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryClintacc · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Amaranthus plant height was not significantly (P >0.05) affected by the treatments compared to the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 661–767 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Half manure plus half urea significantly increased Amaranthus stem girth over either sole application, to 17.42 cm.

Taxon
AmaranthusAmaranthuse0
Treatment
½ manure + ½ ureae0
Outcome
stem girthe0
Direction
increasede0
Value
17.42 cme0
Comparator
sole application of either of theme0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Amaranthus
Amaranthus · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryClintacc · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the combination of ½ manure + ½ urea significantly (P < 0.05) increased stem girth (17.42 cm), number of leaves per plant (44.76), fresh yield (41.51 t/ha) and dry matter yield (3.49 t/ha) of Amaranthus than sole application of either of them”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 801–1043 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Half manure plus half urea significantly increased leaves per Amaranthus plant over either sole application, to 44.76.

Taxon
AmaranthusAmaranthuse0
Treatment
½ manure + ½ ureae0
Outcome
number of leaves per plante0
Direction
increasede0
Value
44.76e0
Comparator
sole application of either of theme0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Amaranthus
Amaranthus · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryClintacc · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the combination of ½ manure + ½ urea significantly (P < 0.05) increased stem girth (17.42 cm), number of leaves per plant (44.76), fresh yield (41.51 t/ha) and dry matter yield (3.49 t/ha) of Amaranthus than sole application of either of them”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 801–1043 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Half manure plus half urea significantly increased fresh Amaranthus yield over either sole application, to 41.51 t/ha.

Taxon
AmaranthusAmaranthuse0
Treatment
½ manure + ½ ureae0
Outcome
fresh yielde0
Direction
increasede0
Value
41.51 t/hae0
Comparator
sole application of either of theme0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Amaranthus
Amaranthus · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryClintacc · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the combination of ½ manure + ½ urea significantly (P < 0.05) increased stem girth (17.42 cm), number of leaves per plant (44.76), fresh yield (41.51 t/ha) and dry matter yield (3.49 t/ha) of Amaranthus than sole application of either of them”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 801–1043 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Half manure plus half urea significantly increased Amaranthus dry matter yield over either sole application, to 3.49 t/ha.

Taxon
AmaranthusAmaranthuse0
Treatment
½ manure + ½ ureae0
Outcome
dry matter yielde0
Direction
increasede0
Value
3.49 t/hae0
Comparator
sole application of either of theme0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Amaranthus
Amaranthus · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryClintacc · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the combination of ½ manure + ½ urea significantly (P < 0.05) increased stem girth (17.42 cm), number of leaves per plant (44.76), fresh yield (41.51 t/ha) and dry matter yield (3.49 t/ha) of Amaranthus than sole application of either of them”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 801–1043 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend half manure plus half urea for optimum Amaranthus production in the study area.

Taxon
AmaranthusAmaranthuse0
Treatment
½ manure + ½ ureae0
Outcome
optimum productione0
Setting
the study areae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Amaranthus
Amaranthus · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryClintacc · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the combination of ½ manure + ½ urea significantly (P < 0.05) increased stem girth (17.42 cm), number of leaves per plant (44.76), fresh yield (41.51 t/ha) and dry matter yield (3.49 t/ha) of Amaranthus than sole application of either of them, and is therefore recommended as the best for optimum production of Amaranthus in the study area”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 801–1140 · show in text ↑

fertilization · growth · AmaranthusResults differ

16 papers: 15 positive, 1 negative or no effect

14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. positive

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fertilization · yield · AmaranthusPositive and negative results

27 papers: 26 positive, 1 negative or no effect

25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. no effect

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nitrogen · growth · AmaranthusResults agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

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nitrogen · yield · AmaranthusResults agree

7 papers: 7 positive, 0 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.