Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Intensive cropping systems have caused widespread Zn deficiency, low nutritional quality of cereals and environmental problems. The aim of the microplot field experiment reported in this paper was to assess the option of using Zn in conjunction with urea fertilization in order to reduce N rate and to maintain the yield level and grain quality but minimizing environmental risks. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) was cultivated in a calcareous soil under semi‐realistic conditions. Combinations of four Zn levels, applied by spraying aqueous solutions of ZnSO 4 , and three N levels, applied by spreading granular urea, were tested. RESULTS Zn and N showed a synergistic effect, increasing yield and Zn content in all plant parts and protein content in grain. A low Zn dosage of 5 kg ha −1 was sufficient to significantly increase the amount of bioavailable Zn in soil and significantly raise its concentration in plant material and also the protein content in grain. The remobilization of Zn from leaf tissue to grain was dependent on the availability of Zn and was only crucial when its bioavailability was low. CONCLUSIONS A Zn dosage of 5 kg ha −1 enhanced the agronomic efficiency of N by 15.5 kg grain kg −1 N. The Zn applied to the soil permitted a reduction in the rate of N with only a small decrease in barley grain yield and nutritional value. However, due to the interannual variability in rainfall, which is characteristic of Mediterranean climates, further studies will be necessary to confirm and extend these results. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Zn and N increased barley yield.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Zn and Ne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Zn and N showed a synergistic effect, increasing yield and Zn content in all plant parts and protein content in grain.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Zn and N increased zinc content throughout barley plants.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zn and Ne0
- Outcome
- Zn content in all plant partse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and N showed a synergistic effect, increasing yield and Zn content in all plant parts and protein content in grain.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Zn and N increased barley grain protein content.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zn and Ne0
- Outcome
- protein content in graine0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and N showed a synergistic effect, increasing yield and Zn content in all plant parts and protein content in grain.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5 kg ha −1 Zn dose significantly increased bioavailable soil Zn.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zn dosage of 5 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- amount of bioavailable Zn in soile0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A low Zn dosage of 5 kg ha −1 was sufficient to significantly increase the amount of bioavailable Zn in soil”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5 kg ha −1 Zn dose significantly raised Zn concentration in barley material.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zn dosage of 5 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- concentration in plant materiale0
- Direction
- raisee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A low Zn dosage of 5 kg ha −1 was sufficient to significantly increase the amount of bioavailable Zn in soil and significantly raise its concentration in plant material”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5 kg ha −1 Zn dose significantly raised barley grain protein content.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zn dosage of 5 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- protein content in graine0
- Direction
- raisee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A low Zn dosage of 5 kg ha −1 was sufficient to significantly increase the amount of bioavailable Zn in soil and significantly raise its concentration in plant material and also the protein content in grain.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf-to-grain zinc remobilization depended on zinc availability and was crucial only at low bioavailability.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- availability of Zne0
- Outcome
- remobilization of Zn from leaf tissue to graine0
- Qualifier
- when its bioavailability was lowe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The remobilization of Zn from leaf tissue to grain was dependent on the availability of Zn and was only crucial when its bioavailability was low.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5 kg ha −1 Zn dose enhanced agronomic nitrogen efficiency by 15.5 kg grain kg −1 N.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zn dosage of 5 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency of Ne0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 15.5 kg grain kg −1 Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A Zn dosage of 5 kg ha −1 enhanced the agronomic efficiency of N by 15.5 kg grain kg −1 N.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Zn application allowed a lower N rate with only a small decrease in barley grain yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Zn applied to the soile0
- Outcome
- barley grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- reduction in the rate of Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Zn applied to the soil permitted a reduction in the rate of N with only a small decrease in barley grain yield and nutritional value.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Zn application allowed a lower N rate with only a small decrease in barley nutritional value.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Zn applied to the soile0
- Outcome
- nutritional valuee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- reduction in the rate of Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Zn applied to the soil permitted a reduction in the rate of N with only a small decrease in barley grain yield and nutritional value.”
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