Abstract
The influence of the fertilization level and soil type on the energy efficiency of the biogas production from maize, sorghum and reed canary grass silages were studied in this work. The plant material used to prepare silages was obtained from the experimental field with light, medium and good soil. High yields of biogas were obtained from maize silage with the lowest fertilization level of 80 kg N ha −1 from 194.5 up to 315.33 m 3 t −1 green mass (g.m.) depending on soil quality. The highest biogas yields of sorghum and reed canary grass were lower (about 120 m 3 t −1 g.m.) than that for maize. Depending on the soil type, the Energy Return on Energy Investment index (ERoEI) and the Net Energy Value (NEV) values for maize ranged from 5.05 and 189 000 MJ ha −1 (light soil), obtained at the level of 120 kg N ha −1 to 9.76 obtained at the level of 80 kg N ha −1 and 433 000 MJ ha −1 at the level of 120 kg N ha −1 (good soil). For sorghum (light soil) values of about 5.2 and 200 000 MJ ha −1 were appropriately obtained at the level of 160 kg N ha −1 . In the case of reed canary grass the highest ERoEI and NEV values obtained at the level of 80 kg N ha −1 amounted to 3.8 and 74 000 MJ ha −1 (light soil), respectively. The investigations indicate that in general, the production technologies of crops where the low levels of nitrogen fertilization were applied proved to have the highest energy efficiency.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Maize silage at the lowest fertilization level (80 kg N ha −1) gave high biogas yields of 194.5 to 315.33 m 3 t −1 green mass, depending on soil quality.
- Treatment
- lowest fertilization level of 80 kg N ha −1e1
- Outcome
- yields of biogase1
- Direction
- Highe1
- Value
- 194.5 up to 315.33 m 3 t −1 green masse1
- Qualifier
- depending on soil qualitye1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from maize, sorghum and reed canary grass silages”
e1“High yields of biogas were obtained from maize silage with the lowest fertilization level of 80 kg N ha −1 from 194.5 up to 315.33 m 3 t −1 green mass (g.m.) depending on soil quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum biogas yield was lower than that of maize, at about 120 m 3 t −1 g.m.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The highest biogas yields of sorghum and reed canary grass were lower (about 120 m 3 t −1 g.m.) than that for maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Reed canary grass biogas yield was lower than that of maize, at about 120 m 3 t −1 g.m.
Verbatim
e2“The highest biogas yields of sorghum and reed canary grass were lower (about 120 m 3 t −1 g.m.) than that for maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize ERoEI was 5.05 on light soil at 120 kg N ha −1.
- Treatment
- 120 kg N ha −1e3
- Outcome
- Energy Return on Energy Investment index (ERoEI)e3
- Value
- 5.05e3
- Setting
- light soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the Energy Return on Energy Investment index (ERoEI) and the Net Energy Value (NEV) values for maize ranged from 5.05 and 189 000 MJ ha −1 (light soil), obtained at the level of 120 kg N ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize ERoEI was 9.76 at 80 kg N ha −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the Energy Return on Energy Investment index (ERoEI) and the Net Energy Value (NEV) values for maize ranged from 5.05 and 189 000 MJ ha −1 (light soil), obtained at the level of 120 kg N ha −1”
e4“9.76 obtained at the level of 80 kg N ha −1 and 433 000 MJ ha −1 at the level of 120 kg N ha −1 (good soil)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize net energy value was 189 000 MJ ha −1 on light soil at 120 kg N ha −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the Energy Return on Energy Investment index (ERoEI) and the Net Energy Value (NEV) values for maize ranged from 5.05 and 189 000 MJ ha −1 (light soil), obtained at the level of 120 kg N ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize net energy value was 433 000 MJ ha −1 on good soil at 120 kg N ha −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the Energy Return on Energy Investment index (ERoEI) and the Net Energy Value (NEV) values for maize ranged from 5.05 and 189 000 MJ ha −1 (light soil), obtained at the level of 120 kg N ha −1”
e4“9.76 obtained at the level of 80 kg N ha −1 and 433 000 MJ ha −1 at the level of 120 kg N ha −1 (good soil)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum ERoEI was about 5.2 on light soil at 160 kg N ha −1.
- Treatment
- 160 kg N ha −1e5
- Outcome
- Energy Return on Energy Investment index (ERoEI)e3
- Value
- 5.2e5
- Setting
- light soile5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the Energy Return on Energy Investment index (ERoEI) and the Net Energy Value (NEV) values for maize ranged from 5.05 and 189 000 MJ ha −1 (light soil), obtained at the level of 120 kg N ha −1”
e5“For sorghum (light soil) values of about 5.2 and 200 000 MJ ha −1 were appropriately obtained at the level of 160 kg N ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum net energy value was about 200 000 MJ ha −1 on light soil at 160 kg N ha −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the Energy Return on Energy Investment index (ERoEI) and the Net Energy Value (NEV) values for maize ranged from 5.05 and 189 000 MJ ha −1 (light soil), obtained at the level of 120 kg N ha −1”
e5“For sorghum (light soil) values of about 5.2 and 200 000 MJ ha −1 were appropriately obtained at the level of 160 kg N ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Reed canary grass ERoEI was 3.8 at 80 kg N ha −1 on light soil.
Verbatim
e6“In the case of reed canary grass the highest ERoEI and NEV values obtained at the level of 80 kg N ha −1 amounted to 3.8 and 74 000 MJ ha −1 (light soil), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Reed canary grass net energy value was 74 000 MJ ha −1 at 80 kg N ha −1 on light soil.
Verbatim
e6“In the case of reed canary grass the highest ERoEI and NEV values obtained at the level of 80 kg N ha −1 amounted to 3.8 and 74 000 MJ ha −1 (light soil), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen fertilization levels gave the highest energy efficiency of crop biogas production.
Verbatim
e0“from maize, sorghum and reed canary grass silages”
e7“the production technologies of crops where the low levels of nitrogen fertilization were applied proved to have the highest energy efficiency”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.