Abstract
Abstract Green manure and compost-enriched in phosphorus can promote the sustainability of cropping systems by increasing soil fertility over the long term. They can also be used to manage crop/weed interactions, a key element in guaranteeing an appropriate level of satisfactory crop yields. We studied how green manuring with hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth.) and the application of different types of phosphorous-enriched compost affect weed/maize ( Zea mays L.) interactions in an organic stockless Mediterranean agroecosystem for two consecutive dry years. Green manure stimulated the expression of maize traits related to a higher competitive ability against weeds, such as early growth, height and leaf area index, while the effect of compost was less clear. Regarding crop/weed competition, both green manuring and a phosphorus-enriched compost application gave a significant advantage to maize. Neither green manure nor compost increased total weed density and biomass compared to the control. Green manuring significantly affected the weed community composition. The relative density of ruderal and competitive-ruderal species (according to Grime's classification) was higher in plots where the green manure was applied. The use of green manure, together with novel composting techniques, significantly affected crop/weed competitive interactions, favoring maize, but also creating favorable conditions for unwanted weed species such as competitive-ruderals. Increasing nitrogen availability in the early growth stages of maize through green manuring can increase crop competitive ability. However, this may not suffice to preserve the system from future weed problems, should potentially detrimental species be selected. Dedicated strategies for the control of emerging weed species may thus be needed.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure increased maize competitive traits including early growth, height and leaf area index.
- Treatment
- Green manuree0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- early growth, height and leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green manure stimulated the expression of maize traits related to a higher competitive ability against weeds, such as early growth, height and leaf area index”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of compost on maize competitive traits was less clear.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the effect of compost was less clear”
e1“maize traits related to a higher competitive ability against weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manuring gave maize a significant competitive advantage over weeds.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both green manuring and a phosphorus-enriched compost application gave a significant advantage to maize”
e1“weed/maize ( Zea mays L.) interactions”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus-enriched compost gave maize a significant competitive advantage over weeds.
- Treatment
- a phosphorus-enriched compost applicatione0
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- advantage to maizee0
- Direction
- advantagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both green manuring and a phosphorus-enriched compost application gave a significant advantage to maize”
e1“weed/maize ( Zea mays L.) interactions”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure did not increase total weed density or biomass relative to control.
- Treatment
- green manuree0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed density and biomasse0
- Direction
- Neither green manure nor compost increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither green manure nor compost increased total weed density and biomass compared to the control”
t0“organic maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost did not increase total weed density or biomass relative to control.
- Treatment
- composte0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed density and biomasse0
- Direction
- Neither green manure nor compost increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither green manure nor compost increased total weed density and biomass compared to the control”
t0“organic maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manuring significantly changed weed community composition.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green manuring significantly affected the weed community composition”
t0“organic maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ruderal and competitive-ruderal species had higher relative density in green manure plots.
- Treatment
- green manuree0
- Interactor
- ruderal and competitive-ruderal speciese0weed
- Outcome
- relative density of ruderal and competitive-ruderal speciese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative density of ruderal and competitive-ruderal species (according to Grime's classification) was higher in plots where the green manure was applied”
t0“organic maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest controlling emerging weed species.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dedicated strategies for the control of emerging weed species may thus be needed”
t0“organic maize”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · organism · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
136 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
158 papers more in this group
See all 162 papers →phosphorus · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →fertilization · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
58 papers more in this group
See all 62 papers →fertilization · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1,195 papers in the same direction as this paper · 149 in the opposite direction · 20 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
1,361 papers more in this group
See all 1,365 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.