Abstract
of soil). The following were determined: weight of harvested plants as well as the content of cobalt in grain, straw, and roots of oat. In addition, tolerance index (Ti), cobalt bioconcentration (BCF), translocation (TF), and transfer (TFr) coefficients were derived. In the series without amendments, the increasing doses of cobalt had a significant effect by decreasing the yields of oat grain and straw and the mass of its roots. Also, lower tolerance index values were noted in the objects polluted with cobalt, especially with its highest dose. The application of manure had the strongest effect on increasing the mass of particular organs of the test plant, while the application of charcoal led to a significant decrease in this respect. The application of all substances to the soil, and especially manure and calcium oxide, resulted in higher tolerance index Ti values. The growing contamination of soil with cobalt caused a significant increase in the content of this element in oat and in the values of the translocation coefficient, in contrast to the effects noted with respect to the bioconcentration and transfer coefficients. All the substances applied to soil reduced the content of cobalt and its bioconcentration in oat straw, in opposition to grain and roots, limited its translocation, but elevated the transfer of this element from soil to plants. Soil contamination with cobalt promoted the accumulation of lead and copper in grain, cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc, manganese, and iron in straw, as well as cadmium, nickel, zinc, and manganese in oat roots. As the cobalt dose increased, the content of other trace elements in oat organs either decreased or did not show any unambiguous changes. Of all the tested substances, the strongest influence on the content of trace elements was produced by calcium oxide in straw and roots and by zeolite in roots, whereas the weakest effect was generated by manure in oat grain. Oat is not the best plant for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with cobalt.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cobalt doses significantly reduced oat grain yield.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Treatment
- increasing doses of cobalte0
- Outcome
- yields of oat graine0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increasing doses of cobalt had a significant effect by decreasing the yields of oat grain and straw and the mass of its roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cobalt doses significantly reduced oat straw yield.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- increasing doses of cobalte0
- Outcome
- strawe0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increasing doses of cobalt had a significant effect by decreasing the yields of oat grain and straw and the mass of its roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cobalt doses significantly reduced oat root mass.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- increasing doses of cobalte0
- Outcome
- mass of its rootse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increasing doses of cobalt had a significant effect by decreasing the yields of oat grain and straw and the mass of its roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt pollution lowered the oat tolerance index, particularly at the highest dose.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- polluted with cobalte0
- Outcome
- tolerance index valuese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- especially with its highest dosee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower tolerance index values were noted in the objects polluted with cobalt, especially with its highest dose”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure most strongly increased oat organ mass.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of manuree0
- Outcome
- mass of particular organse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of manure had the strongest effect on increasing the mass of particular organs of the test plant”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Charcoal significantly decreased oat organ mass.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- application of charcoale0
- Outcome
- mass of particular organse1
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of charcoal led to a significant decrease in this respect”
t0“oat”
e1“increasing the mass of particular organs of the test plant”
Claim · model-written summary
All soil amendments, especially manure and calcium oxide, increased oat tolerance index.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- all substances to the soile0
- Outcome
- tolerance index Ti valuese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- especially manure and calcium oxidee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of all substances to the soil, and especially manure and calcium oxide, resulted in higher tolerance index Ti values”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil cobalt significantly increased cobalt content in oat.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- growing contamination of soil with cobalte0
- Outcome
- content of this element in oate0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growing contamination of soil with cobalt caused a significant increase in the content of this element in oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil cobalt increased oat cobalt translocation coefficient.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- growing contamination of soil with cobalte0
- Outcome
- values of the translocation coefficiente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing contamination of soil with cobalt caused a significant increase in the content of this element in oat and in the values of the translocation coefficient”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil cobalt reduced oat cobalt bioconcentration coefficient.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- cobalte1
- Outcome
- bioconcentratione0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in contrast to the effects noted with respect to the bioconcentration and transfer coefficients”
t0“oat”
e1“the increasing doses of cobalt had a significant effect by decreasing the yields of oat grain and straw and the mass of its roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil cobalt reduced oat cobalt transfer coefficient.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- cobalte1
- Outcome
- transfer coefficientse0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in contrast to the effects noted with respect to the bioconcentration and transfer coefficients”
t0“oat”
e1“the increasing doses of cobalt had a significant effect by decreasing the yields of oat grain and straw and the mass of its roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments reduced cobalt content and bioconcentration in oat straw.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- All the substances applied to soile0
- Outcome
- content of cobalt and its bioconcentration in oat strawe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the substances applied to soil reduced the content of cobalt and its bioconcentration in oat straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments had opposite effects on cobalt content and bioconcentration in oat grain.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- substances applied to soile1
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in opposition to grain and roots, limited its translocation”
t0“oat”
e1“All the substances applied to soil reduced the content of cobalt and its bioconcentration in oat straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments had opposite effects on cobalt content and bioconcentration in oat roots.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- substances applied to soile1
- Outcome
- rootse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in opposition to grain and roots, limited its translocation”
t0“oat”
e1“All the substances applied to soil reduced the content of cobalt and its bioconcentration in oat straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments limited cobalt translocation in oat.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- substances applied to soile1
- Outcome
- translocatione0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“limited its translocation, but elevated the transfer of this element from soil to plants”
t0“oat”
e1“All the substances applied to soil reduced the content of cobalt and its bioconcentration in oat straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments elevated cobalt transfer from soil into oat.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- substances applied to soile1
- Outcome
- transfer of this element from soil to plantse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“limited its translocation, but elevated the transfer of this element from soil to plants”
t0“oat”
e1“All the substances applied to soil reduced the content of cobalt and its bioconcentration in oat straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt contamination promoted lead and copper accumulation in oat grain.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- Soil contamination with cobalte0
- Outcome
- accumulation of lead and copper in graine0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil contamination with cobalt promoted the accumulation of lead and copper in grain”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt contamination promoted cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc, manganese, and iron accumulation in oat straw.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- Soil contamination with cobalte0
- Outcome
- cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc, manganese, and iron in strawe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil contamination with cobalt promoted the accumulation of lead and copper in grain, cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc, manganese, and iron in straw”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt contamination promoted cadmium, nickel, zinc, and manganese accumulation in oat roots.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Soil contamination with cobalte0
- Outcome
- cadmium, nickel, zinc, and manganese in oat rootse0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil contamination with cobalt promoted the accumulation of lead and copper in grain, cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc, manganese, and iron in straw, as well as cadmium, nickel, zinc, and manganese in oat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude oat is a poor choice for cobalt soil phytoremediation.
- Taxon
- OatAvena sativae0
- Outcome
- not the best plant for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with cobalte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oat is not the best plant for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with cobalt”
The same questions in other papers
cobalt atom · nutrient: content · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
cobalt atom · yield · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
cobalt atom · molecular: metabolites · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.