Aplikasi Mulsa dan Biokultur Urin Sapi terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah

Abstract

ABSTRACTMost upland soils are poor in organic matter and have high temperature. The utilization ofmulch and organic manure with appropriate dosage are expected to enhance the physical andchemical conditions of the soil and the production of shallot. This study aimed to determine the effectof applying various types of mulch and cow urine bioculture on the growth and yield of shallot. Theresearch was conducted in March to June 2017 in Oloboju Village, Sigi Biromaru District, SigiRegency, Central Sulawesi Province. A randomized block design factorial with two factors was usedin this study. The first factor was the various types of mulch, namely: Gliricidia sepium leaves, ricestraw, and plastic mulch. The second factor was the frequency of bioculture, namely: without cowurine bioculture, two times and four times application. Thus, there are nine in the combination oftreatments and repeated three times and therefore there were 27 experimental units. The resultsshowed that interaction of rice straw mulch and four times cow urine bioculture application have avery significant effect on the growth and production of shallot. The use of 3 ton ha-1 rice straw andfour times cow urine bioculture application frequency produced 11.25 ton ha-1 shallot bulb.Keywords: chemical properties, gliricidia leaf, organic matter, rice straw, soil physicalABSTRAKLahan kering umumnya memiliki kandungan bahan organik yang rendah dengan suhu yangtinggi. Penggunaan mulsa dan pupuk organik pada lahan kering dengan dosis yang cukup diharapkandapat memperbaiki sifat fisik, sifat kimia tanah dan sifat biologi tanah serta meningkatkan hasilbawang merah. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh jenis mulsa dan frekuensi pemberianbiokultur urin sapi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulanMaret sampai Juni 2017 di Desa Oloboju, Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru, Kabupaten Sigi, ProvinsiSulawesi Tengah. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial yangterdiri atas dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jenis mulsa yang terdiri atas: mulsa daun tanaman gamal(Gliricidia sepium), mulsa jerami padi dan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Faktor kedua yaitu frekuensipemberian biokultur urin sapi yang terdiri atas: tanpa biokultur, dua kali pemberian biokultur danempat kali pemberian biokultur selama satu musim tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mulsajerami padi memberikan hasil lebih baik dibandingkan dengan mulsa plastik hitam perak dan mulsadaun tanaman gamal, sedangkan frekuensi pemberian biokultur empat kali memberikan hasil lebihbaik dibandingkan frekuensi biokultur dua kali dan tanpa biokultur. Interaksi keduanya berpengaruhterhadap komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Penggunaan mulsa jerami padi 3ton ha-1 dan frekuensi biokultur urin sapi sebanyak empat kali menghasilkan umbi bawang merah11.25 ton ha-1.Kata kunci: bahan organik, daun tanaman gamal, jerami padi, sifat fisik tunas, sifat kimia tanah

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