Abstract
Under greenhouse conditions, approximately 50% visible control of bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ♯ 3 CYNDA], quackgrass [ Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. ♯ AGRRE], and wirestem muhly ( Muhlenbergia frondosa L. ♯ MUHFR) was obtained using 0.56 kg/ha glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine], CGA-82725 {2-propynyl-2-[4-([3,5-dichloro-2-pyridinyl] oxy) oxy)phenoxy propanoate}, 0.28 kg/ha fluazifop-butyl {(±)-butyl 2-[4-[(5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl)oxy] phenoxy] propanoate}, sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, and 0.11 kg/ha haloxyfop-methyl [methyl 2-(4-((3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl)oxy)phenoxy)propanoate]. Except for quackgrass, sethoxydim and fluazifop-butyl reduced shoot regrowth in plants clipped 3 to 6 h after treatment Sethoxydim required a 24-h duration on quackgrass foliage to reduce growth. Fresh weights of haloxyfop-methyl- and CGA-82725-treated plants required a 12- to 24-h clipping for reduced regrowth in all species. For all herbicides and species tested, little or no regrowth occurred when plants were clipped 48 h after treatment. A 1-h interval between split applications of sethoxydim and a 24-h interval between split applications of fluazifop-butyl and haloxyfop-methyl reduced fresh weights of bermudagrass regrowth when compared to an equivalent single rate. Regrowth of treated quackgrass indicated a 24-h interval was required for reductions with split applications of sethoxydim, fluazifop-butyl, and haloxyfop-methyl. Wirestem muhly regrowth was reduced after a 1-h interval between applications. In all species, superior control was obtained using two half-rate applications compared to one full-rate application.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate achieved approximately 50% visible control of the three grasses under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone0 - Treatment
- 0.56 kg/ha glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- visible controle0
- Value
- approximately 50%e0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse conditions, approximately 50% visible control of bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ♯ 3 CYNDA], quackgrass [ Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. ♯ AGRRE], and wirestem muhly ( Muhlenbergia frondosa L. ♯ MUHFR) was obtained using 0.56 kg/ha glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
CGA-82725 achieved approximately 50% visible control of the three grasses.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- CGA-82725e0
- Outcome
- visible controle0
- Value
- approximately 50%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“approximately 50% visible control of bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ♯ 3 CYNDA], quackgrass [ Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. ♯ AGRRE], and wirestem muhly ( Muhlenbergia frondosa L. ♯ MUHFR) was obtained using 0.56 kg/ha glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine], CGA-82725”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop-butyl achieved approximately 50% visible control of the three grasses.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- 0.28 kg/ha fluazifop-butyle0
- Outcome
- visible controle0
- Value
- approximately 50%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“approximately 50% visible control of bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ♯ 3 CYNDA], quackgrass [ Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. ♯ AGRRE], and wirestem muhly ( Muhlenbergia frondosa L. ♯ MUHFR) was obtained using 0.56 kg/ha glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine], CGA-82725 {2-propynyl-2-[4-([3,5-dichloro-2-pyridinyl] oxy) oxy)phenoxy propanoate}, 0.28 kg/ha fluazifop-butyl”
Claim · model-written summary
Sethoxydim achieved approximately 50% visible control of the three grasses.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- sethoxydime0
- Outcome
- visible controle1
- Value
- approximately 50%e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}”
e1“approximately 50% visible control of bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ♯ 3 CYNDA], quackgrass [ Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. ♯ AGRRE], and wirestem muhly”
Claim · model-written summary
Haloxyfop-methyl achieved approximately 50% visible control of the three grasses.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- 0.11 kg/ha haloxyfop-methyle0
- Outcome
- visible controle1
- Value
- approximately 50%e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0.11 kg/ha haloxyfop-methyl”
e1“approximately 50% visible control of bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ♯ 3 CYNDA], quackgrass [ Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. ♯ AGRRE], and wirestem muhly”
Claim · model-written summary
Sethoxydim reduced shoot regrowth in clipped bermudagrass and wirestem muhly after 3 to 6 hours.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- sethoxydime0
- Outcome
- shoot regrowthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 3 to 6 h after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Except for quackgrass, sethoxydim and fluazifop-butyl reduced shoot regrowth in plants clipped 3 to 6 h after treatment”
t0“Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), Quackgrass (Agropyron repens), and Wirestem Muhly (Muhlenbergia frondosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop-butyl reduced shoot regrowth in clipped bermudagrass and wirestem muhly after 3 to 6 hours.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- fluazifop-butyle0
- Outcome
- shoot regrowthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 3 to 6 h after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Except for quackgrass, sethoxydim and fluazifop-butyl reduced shoot regrowth in plants clipped 3 to 6 h after treatment”
t0“Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), Quackgrass (Agropyron repens), and Wirestem Muhly (Muhlenbergia frondosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sethoxydim needed 24 hours on quackgrass foliage to reduce growth.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Sethoxydim required a 24-h duration on quackgrass foliage to reduce growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Haloxyfop-methyl-treated grasses needed 12 to 24 hours before clipping for reduced regrowth.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- haloxyfop-methyle0
- Outcome
- regrowthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 12- to 24-h clippinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh weights of haloxyfop-methyl- and CGA-82725-treated plants required a 12- to 24-h clipping for reduced regrowth in all species”
t0“Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), Quackgrass (Agropyron repens), and Wirestem Muhly (Muhlenbergia frondosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
CGA-82725-treated grasses needed 12 to 24 hours before clipping for reduced regrowth.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- CGA-82725e0
- Outcome
- regrowthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 12- to 24-h clippinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh weights of haloxyfop-methyl- and CGA-82725-treated plants required a 12- to 24-h clipping for reduced regrowth in all species”
t0“Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), Quackgrass (Agropyron repens), and Wirestem Muhly (Muhlenbergia frondosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
After 48 hours before clipping, little or no regrowth occurred across herbicides and species.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Outcome
- little or no regrowthe0
- Qualifier
- 48 h after treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For all herbicides and species tested, little or no regrowth occurred when plants were clipped 48 h after treatment”
t0“Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), Quackgrass (Agropyron repens), and Wirestem Muhly (Muhlenbergia frondosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1-hour split sethoxydim interval reduced bermudagrass regrowth fresh weight against a single equivalent rate.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- 1-h interval between split applications of sethoxydime0
- Outcome
- fresh weights of bermudagrass regrowthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- an equivalent single ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 1-h interval between split applications of sethoxydim and a 24-h interval between split applications of fluazifop-butyl and haloxyfop-methyl reduced fresh weights of bermudagrass regrowth when compared to an equivalent single rate”
Claim · model-written summary
A 24-hour split fluazifop-butyl interval reduced bermudagrass regrowth fresh weight against a single rate.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- 24-h interval between split applications of fluazifop-butyle0
- Outcome
- fresh weights of bermudagrass regrowthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- an equivalent single ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 1-h interval between split applications of sethoxydim and a 24-h interval between split applications of fluazifop-butyl and haloxyfop-methyl reduced fresh weights of bermudagrass regrowth when compared to an equivalent single rate”
Claim · model-written summary
A 24-hour split haloxyfop-methyl interval reduced bermudagrass regrowth fresh weight against a single rate.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- haloxyfop-methyle0
- Outcome
- fresh weights of bermudagrass regrowthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 24-h intervale0
- Comparator
- an equivalent single ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 1-h interval between split applications of sethoxydim and a 24-h interval between split applications of fluazifop-butyl and haloxyfop-methyl reduced fresh weights of bermudagrass regrowth when compared to an equivalent single rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Quackgrass required a 24-hour interval between split applications for regrowth reductions.
- Taxon
- quackgrasse0
- Treatment
- split applications of sethoxydim, fluazifop-butyl, and haloxyfop-methyle0
- Outcome
- Regrowth of treated quackgrasse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- 24-h intervale0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Regrowth of treated quackgrass indicated a 24-h interval was required for reductions with split applications of sethoxydim, fluazifop-butyl, and haloxyfop-methyl”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1-hour interval between applications reduced wirestem muhly regrowth.
- Taxon
- Wirestem muhlye0
- Treatment
- 1-h interval between applicationse0
- Outcome
- Wirestem muhly regrowthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Wirestem muhly regrowth was reduced after a 1-h interval between applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Two half-rate herbicide applications provided superior control to one full-rate application across species.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- two half-rate applicationse0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- one full-rate applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all species, superior control was obtained using two half-rate applications compared to one full-rate application”
t0“Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), Quackgrass (Agropyron repens), and Wirestem Muhly (Muhlenbergia frondosa)”
The same questions in other papers
Sethoxydim · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
glyphosate · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.