Abstract
Tillage is a basic soil management tool that significantly affects soil characteristics and plant development. This study examined the 2-year effects of tillage, poultry manure (PM) and NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer on soil chemical properties and maize yield. The experiment was a split-split- plot design with three replications. Tillage (zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT)) was the main plot, the sub-plot comprised three PM treatments (0, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1) while the sub-sub-plot was NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer (applied at 0, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1). At harvest, routine soil chemical properties, maize grain yield and yield parameters were measured. Soil chemical qualities were significantly higher under conservation tillage (ZT and MT) than CT with or without PM treatment and such increments were higher with NPK plus PM than their separate use. The soil organic carbon was higher by 28% and 20% under ZT and MT, respectively compared with CT in 2008 and 79% (ZT) and 65% (MT) compared with CT in 2009. Maize grain yields of 1.61 Mg ha-1 (2008) and 2.28 Mg ha-1 (2009) under MT were significantly higher than the yields from ZT and CT. Application of NPK plus PM resulted in 18-53% grain yield increments compared with their separate use under the three tillage systems. Therefore, improved soil chemical qualities and higher maize production can be achieved when organic and inorganic fertilizers are jointly applied than their separate use.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation tillage had higher soil chemical qualities than conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- conservation tillage (ZT and MT)e0
- Outcome
- Soil chemical qualitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil chemical qualities were significantly higher under conservation tillage (ZT and MT) than CT with or without PM treatment”
t0“Maize Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPK and poultry manure raised soil chemical qualities more than separate use.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such increments were higher with NPK plus PM than their separate use.”
t0“Maize Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage raised soil organic carbon by 28% versus conventional tillage in 2008.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil organic carbon was higher by 28% and 20% under ZT and MT, respectively compared with CT in 2008”
t0“Maize Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage raised soil organic carbon by 20% versus conventional tillage in 2008.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil organic carbon was higher by 28% and 20% under ZT and MT, respectively compared with CT in 2008”
t0“Maize Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage raised soil organic carbon by 79% versus conventional tillage in 2009.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil organic carbon was higher by 28% and 20% under ZT and MT, respectively compared with CT in 2008 and 79% (ZT) and 65% (MT) compared with CT in 2009.”
t0“Maize Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage raised soil organic carbon by 65% versus conventional tillage in 2009.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil organic carbon was higher by 28% and 20% under ZT and MT, respectively compared with CT in 2008 and 79% (ZT) and 65% (MT) compared with CT in 2009.”
t0“Maize Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage maize grain yield was 1.61 Mg ha-1 in 2008 and exceeded zero and conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- MTe0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.61 Mg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 2008e0
- Comparator
- ZT and CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grain yields of 1.61 Mg ha-1 (2008) and 2.28 Mg ha-1 (2009) under MT were significantly higher than the yields from ZT and CT.”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage maize grain yield was 2.28 Mg ha-1 in 2009 and exceeded zero and conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- MTe0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.28 Mg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 2009e0
- Comparator
- ZT and CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grain yields of 1.61 Mg ha-1 (2008) and 2.28 Mg ha-1 (2009) under MT were significantly higher than the yields from ZT and CT.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPK and poultry manure increased grain yield 18-53% over separate application.
- Treatment
- NPK plus PMe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- incrementse0
- Value
- 18-53%e0
- Qualifier
- under the three tillage systemse0
- Comparator
- their separate usee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of NPK plus PM resulted in 18-53% grain yield increments compared with their separate use under the three tillage systems.”
t0“Maize Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude joint organic and inorganic fertilizer use improves soil qualities and maize production.
- Treatment
- organic and inorganic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- improved soil chemical qualities and higher maize productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, improved soil chemical qualities and higher maize production can be achieved when organic and inorganic fertilizers are jointly applied than their separate use.”
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