Abstract
ABSTRACT In the agricultural environment, the occurrence of biotic and abiotic stresses, such as weed interference and soil water deficit is common. However, little is known about the effects of the interaction of these stresses on the growth of cultivated crops and weed species. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of competition and water deficiency on the growth of sunflowers and weeds. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial design, with the first factor corresponding to the competition arrangements between the species (sunflower + Waltheria indica; sunflower + Amaranthus spinosus; and sunflower, W. indica, and A. spinosus in monoculture without competition) and the second factor corresponding to water regimes (irrigated and water deficit). The water deficit regime was established when the sunflower plants had six expanded leaves (V6 stage) and was maintained until the rate of CO2 assimilation of the plants reached values close to zero (6 days), after which irrigation was resumed and maintained until 40 days after emergence, when the plants were collected and evaluated. The growth components evaluated were plant height, leaf area, dry leaf mass, dry stem mass, dry root mass, and total dry mass. Competition between plants decreased sunflower, W. indica, and A. spinosus growth. W. indica and A. spinosus aggravated the negative effects of water deficiency on sunflower growth. The water deficit regime did not affect the growth of W. indica. A. spinosus was more competitive with the sunflower than was W. indica.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Competition decreased sunflower growth.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- Competition between plantse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Competition between plants decreased sunflower, W. indica, and A. spinosus growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Competition decreased W. indica growth.
- Taxon
- W. indica
Waltheria indicae0 - Treatment
- Competition between plantse0
- Interactor
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0other
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Competition between plants decreased sunflower, W. indica, and A. spinosus growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Competition decreased A. spinosus growth.
- Taxon
- A. spinosus
Amaranthus spinosuse0 - Treatment
- Competition between plantse0
- Interactor
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0other
- Outcome
- A. spinosus growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Competition between plants decreased sunflower, W. indica, and A. spinosus growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
W. indica aggravated the negative effect of water deficiency on sunflower growth.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- water deficiencye0
- Interactor
- W. indicaWaltheria indicae0weed
- Outcome
- sunflower growthe0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“W. indica and A. spinosus aggravated the negative effects of water deficiency on sunflower growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. spinosus aggravated the negative effect of water deficiency on sunflower growth.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- water deficiencye0
- Interactor
- A. spinosusAmaranthus spinosuse0weed
- Outcome
- sunflower growthe0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“W. indica and A. spinosus aggravated the negative effects of water deficiency on sunflower growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit did not affect W. indica growth.
- Taxon
- W. indicaWaltheria indicae0
- Treatment
- water deficit regimee0
- Outcome
- growth of W. indicae0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water deficit regime did not affect the growth of W. indica.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. spinosus was more competitive with sunflower than W. indica.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Interactor
- A. spinosusAmaranthus spinosuse0weed
- Second interactor
- W. indicaWaltheria indicae0weed
- Outcome
- more competitivee0
- Direction
- more competitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. spinosus was more competitive with the sunflower than was W. indica.”
The same questions in other papers
competition · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.