Abstract
Nitrogen and potassium are two crucial nutrient elements that affect the yield and quality of crops. The aim of this study was to quantify the impacts of potassium on growth dynamics and quality of muskmelon, so as to optimize potassium management for muskmelon in a plastic greenhouse, and develop a coupling model of nitrogen and potassium. For this purpose, four experiments (two experiments with different levels of potassium treatment and planting dates, and the other two experiments with different ratios of nitrogen and potassium, and planting dates) on muskmelon ( Cucumis melo L. ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’) were conducted in a plastic greenhouse located at Sanya from Jan. 2014 to Sept. 2015. The quantitative relationship between leaf potassium content and growth dynamics and yield of muskmelon was determined and incorporated into a photosynthesis-driven crop growth model (SUCROS). Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The critical leaf potassium content at the flowering stage for muskmelon ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’ were 55.0 and 46.0 mg·g −1 . The result showed that the coefficient of determination ( r 2 ) between the predicted and measured values of leaf area index (LAI), direct weight of shoot (DWSH), direct weight of stem (DWST), dry weight of leaf (DWL), dry weight of fruit (DWF), fresh weight of fruit (FWF), soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively; and the relative root-mean-squared error (rRMSE) were 10.8%, 19.6%, 30.3%, 21.1%, 11.9%, 17.2%, 13.9%, 27.8%, 20.6%, and 10.1%, respectively. The two ways of nitrogen and potassium coupling (multiplicative coupling and minimum coupling) were compared, and the multiplicative coupling was used in model development finally. The r 2 between the predicted and measured values of LAI, DWSH, DWST, DWL, DWF, FWF, SU, PR, Vc, and SO of nitrogen and potassium coupling model were 0.78, 0.91, 0.93, 0.94, 0.83, 0.89, 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively; and their rRMSE were 9.2%, 12.4%, 11.8%, 43.2%, 6.6%, 7.2%, 6.85%, 4.98%, 6.61%, and 4.35%, respectively. The models could be used for the optimization of potassium, nitrogen, and potassium coupling management for muskmelon production in a plastic greenhouse.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
The critical flowering-stage leaf potassium content for Nanhaimi was 55.0 mg·g −1.
- Taxon
- muskmelon
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis meloe0 - Material
- ‘Nanhaimi’e0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- critical leaf potassium contente0
- Value
- 55.0 and 46.0 mg·g −1e0
- Qualifier
- flowering stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The critical leaf potassium content at the flowering stage for muskmelon ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’ were 55.0 and 46.0 mg·g −1 .”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical flowering-stage leaf potassium content for Xizhoumi 25 was 46.0 mg·g −1.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis meloe0
- Material
- ‘Xizhoumi 25’e0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- critical leaf potassium contente0
- Value
- 46.0 mg·g −1e0
- Qualifier
- flowering stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The critical leaf potassium content at the flowering stage for muskmelon ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’ were 55.0 and 46.0 mg·g −1 .”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium model had r2 of 0.93 for LAI.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- coefficient of determination ( r 2 )e0
- Value
- 0.93e0
- Qualifier
- leaf area index (LAI)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result showed that the coefficient of determination ( r 2 ) between the predicted and measured values of leaf area index (LAI), direct weight of shoot (DWSH), direct weight of stem (DWST), dry weight of leaf (DWL), dry weight of fruit (DWF), fresh weight of fruit (FWF), soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium model had r2 of 0.98 for shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- direct weight of shoot (DWSH)e0
- Value
- 0.98e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“direct weight of shoot (DWSH), direct weight of stem (DWST), dry weight of leaf (DWL), dry weight of fruit (DWF), fresh weight of fruit (FWF), soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium model had r2 of 0.83 for stem dry weight.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- direct weight of stem (DWST)e0
- Value
- 0.83e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“direct weight of stem (DWST), dry weight of leaf (DWL), dry weight of fruit (DWF), fresh weight of fruit (FWF), soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium model had r2 of 0.96 for leaf dry weight.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- dry weight of leaf (DWL)e0
- Value
- 0.96e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight of leaf (DWL), dry weight of fruit (DWF), fresh weight of fruit (FWF), soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium model had r2 of 0.98 for fruit dry weight.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- dry weight of fruit (DWF)e0
- Value
- 0.98e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight of fruit (DWF), fresh weight of fruit (FWF), soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium model had r2 of 0.99 for fresh fruit weight.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of fruit (FWF)e0
- Value
- 0.99e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fresh weight of fruit (FWF), soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium model had r2 of 0.94 for soluble sugar.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar content (SU)e0
- Value
- 0.94e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium model had r2 of 0.94 for soluble protein.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- soluble protein content (PR)e0
- Value
- 0.94e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium model had r2 of 0.89 for vitamin C.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- vitamin C (Vc)e0
- Value
- 0.89e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium model had r2 of 0.85 for soluble solids.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- soluble solids content (SO)e0
- Value
- 0.85e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The multiplicative nitrogen-potassium coupling was selected after comparison with minimum coupling.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- multiplicative coupling was used in model developmente0
- Comparator
- minimum couplinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two ways of nitrogen and potassium coupling (multiplicative coupling and minimum coupling) were compared, and the multiplicative coupling was used in model development finally.”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The coupled model had r2 of 0.78 for LAI.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- r 2e0
- Value
- 0.78e0
- Qualifier
- LAIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The r 2 between the predicted and measured values of LAI, DWSH, DWST, DWL, DWF, FWF, SU, PR, Vc, and SO of nitrogen and potassium coupling model were 0.78, 0.91, 0.93, 0.94, 0.83, 0.89, 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The coupled model had r2 of 0.91 for DWSH.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- r 2e0
- Value
- 0.91e0
- Qualifier
- DWSHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The r 2 between the predicted and measured values of LAI, DWSH, DWST, DWL, DWF, FWF, SU, PR, Vc, and SO of nitrogen and potassium coupling model were 0.78, 0.91, 0.93, 0.94, 0.83, 0.89, 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The coupled model had r2 of 0.93 for DWST.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- r 2e0
- Value
- 0.93e0
- Qualifier
- DWSTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The r 2 between the predicted and measured values of LAI, DWSH, DWST, DWL, DWF, FWF, SU, PR, Vc, and SO of nitrogen and potassium coupling model were 0.78, 0.91, 0.93, 0.94, 0.83, 0.89, 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The coupled model had r2 of 0.94 for DWL.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- r 2e0
- Value
- 0.94e0
- Qualifier
- DWLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The r 2 between the predicted and measured values of LAI, DWSH, DWST, DWL, DWF, FWF, SU, PR, Vc, and SO of nitrogen and potassium coupling model were 0.78, 0.91, 0.93, 0.94, 0.83, 0.89, 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The coupled model had r2 of 0.83 for DWF.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- r 2e0
- Value
- 0.83e0
- Qualifier
- DWFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The r 2 between the predicted and measured values of LAI, DWSH, DWST, DWL, DWF, FWF, SU, PR, Vc, and SO of nitrogen and potassium coupling model were 0.78, 0.91, 0.93, 0.94, 0.83, 0.89, 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The coupled model had r2 of 0.89 for FWF.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- r 2e0
- Value
- 0.89e0
- Qualifier
- FWFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The r 2 between the predicted and measured values of LAI, DWSH, DWST, DWL, DWF, FWF, SU, PR, Vc, and SO of nitrogen and potassium coupling model were 0.78, 0.91, 0.93, 0.94, 0.83, 0.89, 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The coupled model had r2 of 0.92 for SU.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- r 2e0
- Value
- 0.92e0
- Qualifier
- SUe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The r 2 between the predicted and measured values of LAI, DWSH, DWST, DWL, DWF, FWF, SU, PR, Vc, and SO of nitrogen and potassium coupling model were 0.78, 0.91, 0.93, 0.94, 0.83, 0.89, 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively;”
t0“Muskmelon”