Abstract
Halophytes are plants that have adapted to grow in saline soils. Many halophyte species from around the world have been studied, but little is known about the microbiomes associated with these plants. Bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere and as root endophytes associated with Salicornia rubra, Sarcocornia utahensis, and Allenrolfea occidentalis, three native Utah halophytes. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the bacterial isolates identified species from several genera, including Halomonas, Bacillus, Kushneria, Virgibacillus, Planococcus, Pseudomonas, and others. Each isolate was tested for maximum salt tolerance, and some were able to grow in the presence of up to 3 M or 4 M NaCl. Pigmentation, Gram stain characteristics, optimal temperature for growth, and biofilm formation analysis were used to aid in identification of the species. Soil and root samples were also analyzed for non-culturable bacterial species by Illumina DNA sequencing. The most commonly identified bacteria from this analysis were members of the following phyla: Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Gamma- and Delta-Proteobacteria. Members of these phyla are commonly found in soil or in extreme environments. While there is some variation in the bacterial population in samples collected at different times of the year, Halomonas and Kushneria species were consistently isolated both from the soil and as endophytes from plant roots in all collections. Several isolates were tested for the ability to stimulate growth of alfalfa under saline conditions. We identified Halomonas and Planococcus isolates that, when used to inoculate young seedlings, stimulate plant growth in the presence of 1% NaCl, a concentration that significantly inhibits growth and development of uninoculated alfalfa. Halomonas was recovered from surface sterilized roots of inoculated alfalfa plants, indicating the ability of the inoculum to become established as an endophyte. These isolates, when used as an inoculum, thus have significant promise for enhancing growth of alfalfa in salty soil.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial isolates from three halophytes included several named genera.
- Taxon
- Salicornia rubra
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Salicornia rubrae0 - Outcome
- identified species from several genera, including Halomonas, Bacillus, Kushneria, Virgibacillus, Planococcus, Pseudomonase0
- Setting
- Utahe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere and as root endophytes associated with Salicornia rubra, Sarcocornia utahensis, and Allenrolfea occidentalis, three native Utah halophytes. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the bacterial isolates identified species from several genera, including Halomonas, Bacillus, Kushneria, Virgibacillus, Planococcus, Pseudomonas, and others.”
Claim · model-written summary
Some bacterial isolates grew at up to 3 M or 4 M NaCl.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“some were able to grow in the presence of up to 3 M or 4 M NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-culturable bacteria included five commonly identified phyla or groups.
- Outcome
- Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Gamma- and Delta-Proteobacteriae0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The most commonly identified bacteria from this analysis were members of the following phyla: Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Gamma- and Delta-Proteobacteria.”
Claim · model-written summary
Halomonas and Kushneria were consistently isolated from soil and plant roots across collections.
- Outcome
- Halomonas and Kushneria species were consistently isolated both from the soil and as endophytes from plant roots in all collectionse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Halomonas and Kushneria species were consistently isolated both from the soil and as endophytes from plant roots in all collections.”
Claim · model-written summary
Halomonas inoculation stimulated alfalfa growth at 1% NaCl.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- Halomonase0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatee0
- Value
- 1% NaCle0
- Comparator
- uninoculated alfalfae0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
HalomonasOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“We identified Halomonas and Planococcus isolates that, when used to inoculate young seedlings, stimulate plant growth in the presence of 1% NaCl, a concentration that significantly inhibits growth and development of uninoculated alfalfa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Planococcus inoculation stimulated alfalfa growth at 1% NaCl.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Planococcuse0
- Interactor
- Planococcuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatee0
- Value
- 1% NaCle0
- Comparator
- uninoculated alfalfae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified Halomonas and Planococcus isolates that, when used to inoculate young seedlings, stimulate plant growth in the presence of 1% NaCl, a concentration that significantly inhibits growth and development of uninoculated alfalfa.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1% NaCl, uninoculated alfalfa growth and development were significantly inhibited.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 1% NaCle0
- Outcome
- growth and development of uninoculated alfalfae0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1% NaCl, a concentration that significantly inhibits growth and development of uninoculated alfalfa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Halomonas was recovered from sterilized roots of inoculated alfalfa, indicating endophytic establishment.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Halomonas was recovered from surface sterilized rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Halomonas was recovered from surface sterilized roots of inoculated alfalfa plants, indicating the ability of the inoculum to become established as an endophyte.”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 43 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.