Abstract
Abstract Successful pigweed management requires an integrated strategy to delay the development of resistance to any single control tactic. Field trials were implemented during 2017 and 2018 in three counties in Kansas on dryland (limited rainfall, nonirrigated), glufosinate-resistant soybean. The objective was to assess pigweed control with combinations of a winter wheat cover crop (CC), three soybean row widths (76, 38, and 19 cm), row-crop cultivation 2.5 weeks after planting (WAP), and an herbicide program to develop integrated pigweed management recommendations. All combinations of the four components were assessed by 16 treatments. All treatments with the herbicide program resulted in excellent (>97%) pigweed control and were analyzed separately from the other components. Treatments containing row-crop cultivation reduced pigweed density and biomass 3 and 8 WAP in all locations compared with the 76-cm row width plus no CC treatment. CC impacts were mixed. In Riley County, Palmer amaranth density and biomass were reduced; in Reno County, no additional Palmer amaranth control was observed; in Franklin County, the CC had greater waterhemp density and biomass compared with the treatments containing no CC. Narrow row widths achieved the most consistent results of all cultural components when data were pooled across locations: Decreasing row widths from 76 to 38 cm resulted in a 23% reduction in pigweed biomass 8 WAP and decreasing row width from 38 to 19 cm achieved a 15% reduction. Row-crop cultivation should be incorporated where possible as a mechanical option to manage pigweed, and narrow row widths should be used to suppress late-season pigweed growth when feasible. Inconsistent pigweed control from CC was achieved and should be given special consideration before implementation. The integral use of these components with an herbicide program as a system should be recommended to achieve the best pigweed control and reduce the risk of developing herbicide resistance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide program treatments gave over 97% pigweed control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- herbicide programe0
- Interactor
- pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- pigweed controle0
- Direction
- excellente0
- Value
- >97%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments with the herbicide program resulted in excellent (>97%) pigweed control”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation reduced pigweed density and biomass at three and eight weeks relative to 76 cm rows without cover crop.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- row-crop cultivatione0
- Interactor
- pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- pigweed density and biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 3 and 8 WAPe0
- Comparator
- 76-cm row width plus no CC treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments containing row-crop cultivation reduced pigweed density and biomass 3 and 8 WAP in all locations compared with the 76-cm row width plus no CC treatment.”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop reduced Palmer amaranth density and biomass in Riley County.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CCe0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth density and biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- Riley Countye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CC impacts were mixed. In Riley County, Palmer amaranth density and biomass were reduced”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop yielded no additional Palmer amaranth control in Reno County.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CCe0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth controle0
- Direction
- no additionale0
- Setting
- Reno Countye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CC impacts were mixed. In Riley County, Palmer amaranth density and biomass were reduced; in Reno County, no additional Palmer amaranth control was observed”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop increased waterhemp density and biomass in Franklin County relative to no cover crop.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CCe0
- Interactor
- waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- waterhemp density and biomasse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- no CCe0
- Setting
- Franklin Countye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Franklin County, the CC had greater waterhemp density and biomass compared with the treatments containing no CC.”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing row width from 76 to 38 cm cut pigweed biomass 23% at eight weeks.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 38 cme0
- Interactor
- pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- pigweed biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Qualifier
- 8 WAPe0
- Comparator
- 76e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing row widths from 76 to 38 cm resulted in a 23% reduction in pigweed biomass 8 WAP”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing row width from 38 to 19 cm cut pigweed biomass 15%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 19 cme0
- Interactor
- pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- pigweed biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Comparator
- 38e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing row widths from 76 to 38 cm resulted in a 23% reduction in pigweed biomass 8 WAP and decreasing row width from 38 to 19 cm achieved a 15% reduction.”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend row cultivation to manage pigweed.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- Row-crop cultivation should be incorporated where possiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Row-crop cultivation should be incorporated where possible as a mechanical option to manage pigweed”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend narrow rows to suppress late season pigweed.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- narrow row widths should be used to suppress late-season pigweed growth when feasiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“narrow row widths should be used to suppress late-season pigweed growth when feasible.”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors advise special consideration before implementing cover crop because control was inconsistent.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- should be given special consideration before implementatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inconsistent pigweed control from CC was achieved and should be given special consideration before implementation.”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend integrated components with herbicide to maximize control and reduce resistance risk.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- integral use of these components with an herbicide program as a system should be recommendede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integral use of these components with an herbicide program as a system should be recommended to achieve the best pigweed control and reduce the risk of developing herbicide resistance.”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
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