Abstract
Abstract The use of hexazinone and/or prescribed fire in an uneven-aged overstocked stand of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and mixed hardwoods reduced the number of seedling and sapling size pines by 50 to 72 percent, depending on treatment. Hexazinone not only resulted in hardwood control, but also reduced pine survival by increasing fire intensity. Increased fire intensity was thought to result from the increased litter buildup from the hardwood defoliation caused by hexazinone. Most of the increased pine thinning resulted from the killing of small trees. No seedling- or sapling-size pines less than 1.1 inches in diameter and 7 feet in height survived the fire on the hexazinone-treated plots, while on the control plots (fire only) 18 percent of the pine in this size class survived.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Hexazinone and/or prescribed fire reduced the number of seedling and sapling size pines by 50 to 72 percent, depending on treatment.
- Taxon
- shortleaf pine
Pinus echinatae0 - Treatment
- hexazinone and/or prescribed firee0
- Outcome
- number of seedling and sapling size pinese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50 to 72 percente0
- Qualifier
- depending on treatmente0
- Setting
- Oklahoma Pine-Hardwood Standt0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of hexazinone and/or prescribed fire in an uneven-aged overstocked stand of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and mixed hardwoods reduced the number of seedling and sapling size pines by 50 to 72 percent, depending on treatment”
t0“Thin Understory Shortleaf Pine in an Oklahoma Pine-Hardwood Stand”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexazinone resulted in hardwood control in the shortleaf pine stand.
- Taxon
- shortleaf pinePinus echinatae0
- Treatment
- Hexazinonee1
- Interactor
- mixed hardwoodse0weed
- Outcome
- hardwood controle1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of hexazinone and/or prescribed fire in an uneven-aged overstocked stand of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and mixed hardwoods reduced the number of seedling and sapling size pines by 50 to 72 percent, depending on treatment”
e1“Hexazinone not only resulted in hardwood control, but also reduced pine survival by increasing fire intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexazinone reduced pine survival relative to fire-only control plots by increasing fire intensity.
- Taxon
- shortleaf pinePinus echinatae0
- Treatment
- Hexazinonee1
- Outcome
- pine survivale1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- by increasing fire intensitye1
- Comparator
- control plots (fire only)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of hexazinone and/or prescribed fire in an uneven-aged overstocked stand of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and mixed hardwoods reduced the number of seedling and sapling size pines by 50 to 72 percent, depending on treatment”
e1“Hexazinone not only resulted in hardwood control, but also reduced pine survival by increasing fire intensity”
e5“on the control plots (fire only) 18 percent of the pine in this size class survived”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased fire intensity likely resulted from increased litter buildup from hardwood defoliation caused by hexazinone.
- Taxon
- shortleaf pinePinus echinatae0
- Treatment
- hexazinonee2
- Outcome
- fire intensitye2
- Qualifier
- the increased litter buildup from the hardwood defoliation caused by hexazinonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of hexazinone and/or prescribed fire in an uneven-aged overstocked stand of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and mixed hardwoods reduced the number of seedling and sapling size pines by 50 to 72 percent, depending on treatment”
e2“Increased fire intensity was thought to result from the increased litter buildup from the hardwood defoliation caused by hexazinone”
Claim · model-written summary
Most of the increased pine thinning resulted from the killing of small trees.
- Taxon
- shortleaf pinePinus echinatae0
- Outcome
- pine thinninge3
- Qualifier
- killing of small treese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of hexazinone and/or prescribed fire in an uneven-aged overstocked stand of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and mixed hardwoods reduced the number of seedling and sapling size pines by 50 to 72 percent, depending on treatment”
e3“Most of the increased pine thinning resulted from the killing of small trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexazinone-treated plots had no seedling- or sapling-size pines surviving the fire, fewer than fire-only control plots.
- Taxon
- shortleaf pinePinus echinatae0
- Treatment
- hexazinonee4
- Outcome
- survived the firee4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
- Qualifier
- less than 1.1 inches in diameter and 7 feet in heighte4
- Comparator
- control plots (fire only)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of hexazinone and/or prescribed fire in an uneven-aged overstocked stand of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and mixed hardwoods reduced the number of seedling and sapling size pines by 50 to 72 percent, depending on treatment”
e4“No seedling- or sapling-size pines less than 1.1 inches in diameter and 7 feet in height survived the fire on the hexazinone-treated plots”
e5“on the control plots (fire only) 18 percent of the pine in this size class survived”
Claim · model-written summary
18 percent of the pine in the smallest size class survived on the fire-only control plots.
- Taxon
- shortleaf pinePinus echinatae0
- Outcome
- the pine in this size class survivede5
- Value
- 18 percente5
- Qualifier
- on the control plots (fire only)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of hexazinone and/or prescribed fire in an uneven-aged overstocked stand of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and mixed hardwoods reduced the number of seedling and sapling size pines by 50 to 72 percent, depending on treatment”
e5“on the control plots (fire only) 18 percent of the pine in this size class survived”
The same questions in other papers
fire · growth · Pinus echinata (shortleaf pine)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.