Abstract
The present investigation was planned to determine the effect of deficit irrigation, mulching and poultry manure application on sorghum grain, forage yield and water-use efficiencies. Two field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypt. Eighteen treatments comprising of two rates of rice straw as soil mulching (SM; zero and 10 ton per hectare), three irrigation treatments (I100% = 100%, I85% = 85% and I70% = 70% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and three poultry manure (PM) levels (0, 24 and 36 ton per hectare) were studied under controlled surface irrigation system. Sorghum growth attributes (plant height, stem diameter, leave area), grain and forage yield, water-use efficiencies (G-WUE and F-WUE) were significantly (p < .05) affected by irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure application. Poultry manure resulted in a significant decrease in soil bulk density, electrical conductivity (ECe), soil pH, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity, useful pores, and water holding pores were increased. The results showed that underwater scarcity, application of (I85 × PM36× SM10) treatment was found to be favorable to save 15% of the applied irrigation water as compared to I100, at the time produced the same sorghum yields.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation, soil mulch and poultry manure significantly affected sorghum plant height, stem diameter and leaf area in field trials (direction not stated).
- Treatment
- irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure applicatione1
- Outcome
- plant height, stem diameter, leave areae1
- Setting
- Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypte0
SorghumNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypt”
e1“Sorghum growth attributes (plant height, stem diameter, leave area), grain and forage yield, water-use efficiencies (G-WUE and F-WUE) were significantly (p < .05) affected by irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure application”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation, soil mulch and poultry manure significantly affected sorghum grain and forage yield in field trials (direction not stated).
- Treatment
- irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure applicatione1
- Outcome
- grain and forage yielde1
- Setting
- Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypt”
e1“Sorghum growth attributes (plant height, stem diameter, leave area), grain and forage yield, water-use efficiencies (G-WUE and F-WUE) were significantly (p < .05) affected by irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure application”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation, soil mulch and poultry manure significantly affected sorghum G-WUE and F-WUE (direction not stated).
- Treatment
- irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure applicatione1
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencies (G-WUE and F-WUE)e1
- Setting
- Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypt”
e1“Sorghum growth attributes (plant height, stem diameter, leave area), grain and forage yield, water-use efficiencies (G-WUE and F-WUE) were significantly (p < .05) affected by irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure application”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure significantly decreased soil bulk density, electrical conductivity (ECe) and soil pH in the sorghum field trials.
- Treatment
- Poultry manuree3
- Outcome
- soil bulk density, electrical conductivity (ECe), soil pHe3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Setting
- Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypt”
e1“Sorghum growth attributes (plant height, stem diameter, leave area), grain and forage yield, water-use efficiencies (G-WUE and F-WUE) were significantly (p < .05) affected by irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure application”
e3“Poultry manure resulted in a significant decrease in soil bulk density, electrical conductivity (ECe), soil pH, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity, useful pores, and water holding pores were increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure significantly decreased soil hydraulic conductivity and total porosity in the sorghum field trials.
- Treatment
- Poultry manuree3
- Outcome
- hydraulic conductivity and total porositye3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Setting
- Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypt”
e1“Sorghum growth attributes (plant height, stem diameter, leave area), grain and forage yield, water-use efficiencies (G-WUE and F-WUE) were significantly (p < .05) affected by irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure application”
e3“Poultry manure resulted in a significant decrease in soil bulk density, electrical conductivity (ECe), soil pH, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity, useful pores, and water holding pores were increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure was followed by increased useful pores and water holding pores in the soil.
- Treatment
- Poultry manuree3
- Outcome
- useful pores, and water holding porese3
- Direction
- were increasede3
- Setting
- Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypt”
e1“Sorghum growth attributes (plant height, stem diameter, leave area), grain and forage yield, water-use efficiencies (G-WUE and F-WUE) were significantly (p < .05) affected by irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure application”
e3“Poultry manure resulted in a significant decrease in soil bulk density, electrical conductivity (ECe), soil pH, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity, useful pores, and water holding pores were increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying irrigation at 85% of ETc with poultry manure at 36 t/ha and mulch at 10 t/ha saved 15% of applied irrigation water compared with I100 in sorghum.
- Treatment
- I85 × PM36× SM10e4
- Outcome
- applied irrigation watere4
- Direction
- savee4
- Value
- 15%e4
- Qualifier
- underwater scarcitye4
- Comparator
- I100e4
- Setting
- Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypt”
e4“The results showed that underwater scarcity, application of (I85 × PM36× SM10) treatment was found to be favorable to save 15% of the applied irrigation water as compared to I100, at the time produced the same sorghum yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 85% of ETc with poultry manure at 36 t/ha and mulch at 10 t/ha produced the same sorghum yield as I100.
- Treatment
- I85 × PM36× SM10e4
- Outcome
- sorghum yieldse4
- Direction
- the samee4
- Comparator
- I100e4
- Setting
- Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypt”
e4“The results showed that underwater scarcity, application of (I85 × PM36× SM10) treatment was found to be favorable to save 15% of the applied irrigation water as compared to I100, at the time produced the same sorghum yields”