Abstract
Seed irradiation during pre-sowing processes is one of the most effective methods to increase plant growth, yield components and its chemical composition. A three factor split-split plot, factorial experiment was conducted on barley to study seed irradiation, biofertilization with N2 fixing bacteria (NFB), P-dissolving bacteria (PDB) and N fertilization in the Agricultural Research Station of El-Zagazig University at El-Khattara region, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2009/2010 season. Main plots were assigned to gamma irradiation: non-radiated, 20 and 40 Gy gamma radiations. Sub-plots were assigned to N: 0, 119, 238 and298 kg N ha-1. Sub–sub plots were assigned to biofertilization: none, (Azospirillum lipoferum + Bacillus polymxa “NFB1”), (Azospirillium braselence + Azotobacter chroccocum “NFB2”+Bacillus megatherium “PDB”) and NFB1 + NFB2 + PDB. The NFB1 was given in a commercial product of “Cerealin” while (NFB2 + PDB) was in a product of Microbin. Barley yield and yield components as well as N, P and K content and uptake increased by gamma irradiation, N rates and biofertilization singly or combined. Number of spike per m2, grain weight per spike, yields of: grains + straw, grains and straw increased also, highest response occurred by N238 + (Cerealin + Microbin) with 40Gy gamma ray. The highest straw yield was observed due to N179 + (Cerealin + Microbin) with 40Gy gamma ray. Treatment of N179 + Cerealin with 40Gy gamma ray gave highest N-uptake in straw, as well as P-uptake in grains and straw. Protein content and protein yield increased by treatments especially with increasing N rate up to N298 + Microbin + 20Gy and gave highest protein content. Nitrogen use efficiency (NHI) was increased with increasing N rates up to N238 followed by decrease at N298.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma irradiation, N rates and biofertilization, singly or combined, increased barley yield and yield components.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- gamma irradiation, N rates and biofertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Barley yield and yield components as well as N, P and K content and uptake increased by gamma irradiation, N rates and biofertilization singly or combined.”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments increased barley N, P and K content and uptake.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- gamma irradiation, N rates and biofertilizatione0
- Outcome
- N, P and K content and uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley yield and yield components as well as N, P and K content and uptake increased by gamma irradiation, N rates and biofertilization singly or combined.”
Claim · model-written summary
N238 with Cerealin, Microbin and 40Gy gamma ray gave the highest spike number and grain weight per spike.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- N238 + (Cerealin + Microbin) with 40Gy gamma raye0
- Outcome
- Number of spike per m2, grain weight per spikee0
- Direction
- highest responsee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number of spike per m2, grain weight per spike, yields of: grains + straw, grains and straw increased also, highest response occurred by N238 + (Cerealin + Microbin) with 40Gy gamma ray.”
t0“BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N238 with Cerealin, Microbin and 40Gy gamma ray gave the highest grain and straw yields.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- N238 + (Cerealin + Microbin) with 40Gy gamma raye0
- Outcome
- yields of: grains + straw, grains and strawe0
- Direction
- highest responsee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number of spike per m2, grain weight per spike, yields of: grains + straw, grains and straw increased also, highest response occurred by N238 + (Cerealin + Microbin) with 40Gy gamma ray.”
t0“BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N179 with Cerealin, Microbin and 40Gy gamma ray produced the highest straw yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- N179 + (Cerealin + Microbin) with 40Gy gamma raye0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest straw yield was observed due to N179 + (Cerealin + Microbin) with 40Gy gamma ray.”
t0“BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N179 with Cerealin and 40Gy gamma ray gave the highest N uptake in straw.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- N179 + Cerealin with 40Gy gamma raye0
- Outcome
- N-uptake in strawe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of N179 + Cerealin with 40Gy gamma ray gave highest N-uptake in straw, as well as P-uptake in grains and straw.”
t0“BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N179 with Cerealin and 40Gy gamma ray gave the highest P uptake in grains and straw.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- N179 + Cerealin with 40Gy gamma raye0
- Outcome
- P-uptake in grains and strawe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of N179 + Cerealin with 40Gy gamma ray gave highest N-uptake in straw, as well as P-uptake in grains and straw.”
t0“BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased protein content and protein yield, with highest protein content at N298, Microbin and 20Gy.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- N298 + Microbin + 20Gye0
- Outcome
- Protein content and protein yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein content and protein yield increased by treatments especially with increasing N rate up to N298 + Microbin + 20Gy and gave highest protein content.”
t0“BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen use efficiency increased up to N238 and decreased at N298.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- increasing N rates up to N238e0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen use efficiency (NHI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- followed by decrease at N298e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen use efficiency (NHI) was increased with increasing N rates up to N238 followed by decrease at N298.”
t0“BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
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