Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the effect of heavy metal-resistant bacteria and biochar (BC) on reducing heavy metal accumulation in vegetables and the underlying mechanism. We tested Bacillus thuringiensis HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2 for their ability to immobilize Cd and Pb in culture solution. We also studied the effects of these treatments on the dry weight and Cd and Pb uptake of radish in metal-contaminated soils under field conditions and the underlying mechanism. Treatment with HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2 significantly reduced the water-soluble Cd (34–56%) and Pb (31–54%) concentrations and increased the pH and NH4+ concentration in solution compared with their vales in a control. These treatments significantly increased the dry weight of radish roots (18.4–22.8%) and leaves (37.8–39.9%) and decreased Cd (28–94%) and Pb (22–63%) content in the radish roots compared with the control. Treatment with HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2 also significantly increased the pH, organic matter content, NH4+ content, and NH4+/NO3− ratio of rhizosphere soils, and decreased the DTPA-extractable Cd (37–58%) and Pb (26–42%) contents in rhizosphere soils of radish. Furthermore, BC+HC-2 had higher ability than the other two treatments to protect radish against Cd and Pb toxicity and increased radish biomass. Therefore, Bacillus thuringiensis HC-2 combined with biochar can ensure vegetable safety in situ for the bioremediation of heavy metal-polluted farmland.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments reduced water-soluble Cd by 34–56%.
- Treatment
- HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2e0
- Outcome
- water-soluble Cde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 34–56%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“Radish”
e0“Treatment with HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2 significantly reduced the water-soluble Cd (34–56%) and Pb (31–54%) concentrations and increased the pH and NH4+ concentration in solution compared with their vales in a control”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments reduced water-soluble Pb by 31–54%.
- Treatment
- HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2e0
- Outcome
- Pb (31–54%) concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 31–54%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2 significantly reduced the water-soluble Cd (34–56%) and Pb (31–54%) concentrations and increased the pH and NH4+ concentration in solution compared with their vales in a control”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased solution pH and ammonium.
- Treatment
- HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2e0
- Outcome
- pH and NH4+ concentration in solutione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2 significantly reduced the water-soluble Cd (34–56%) and Pb (31–54%) concentrations and increased the pH and NH4+ concentration in solution compared with their vales in a control”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased radish root dry weight by 18.4–22.8%.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0e1 - Treatment
- These treatmentse1
- Outcome
- dry weight of radish rootse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 18.4–22.8%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight and Cd and Pb uptake of radish”
e1“These treatments significantly increased the dry weight of radish roots (18.4–22.8%) and leaves (37.8–39.9%) and decreased Cd (28–94%) and Pb (22–63%) content in the radish roots compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased radish leaf dry weight by 37.8–39.9%.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0e1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- These treatmentse1
- Outcome
- leavese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 37.8–39.9%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight and Cd and Pb uptake of radish”
e1“These treatments significantly increased the dry weight of radish roots (18.4–22.8%) and leaves (37.8–39.9%) and decreased Cd (28–94%) and Pb (22–63%) content in the radish roots compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments decreased root Cd content by 28–94%.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0e1
- Treatment
- These treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Cd (28–94%) and Pb (22–63%) content in the radish rootse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 28–94%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight and Cd and Pb uptake of radish”
e1“These treatments significantly increased the dry weight of radish roots (18.4–22.8%) and leaves (37.8–39.9%) and decreased Cd (28–94%) and Pb (22–63%) content in the radish roots compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments decreased root Pb content by 22–63%.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0e1
- Treatment
- These treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Pb (22–63%) content in the radish rootse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 22–63%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight and Cd and Pb uptake of radish”
e1“These treatments significantly increased the dry weight of radish roots (18.4–22.8%) and leaves (37.8–39.9%) and decreased Cd (28–94%) and Pb (22–63%) content in the radish roots compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased rhizosphere pH, organic matter, ammonium and ammonium/nitrate ratio.
- Treatment
- HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2e1
- Outcome
- pH, organic matter content, NH4+ content, and NH4+/NO3− ratio of rhizosphere soilse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“rhizosphere soils of radish”
e1“Treatment with HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2 also significantly increased the pH, organic matter content, NH4+ content, and NH4+/NO3− ratio of rhizosphere soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments decreased extractable rhizosphere Cd by 37–58%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2 also significantly increased”
e1“decreased the DTPA-extractable Cd (37–58%) and Pb (26–42%) contents in rhizosphere soils of radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments decreased extractable rhizosphere Pb by 26–42%.
- Treatment
- HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2e0
- Outcome
- Pb (26–42%) contents in rhizosphere soils of radishe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 26–42%e1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with HC-2, BC, and BC+HC-2 also significantly increased”
e1“decreased the DTPA-extractable Cd (37–58%) and Pb (26–42%) contents in rhizosphere soils of radish”
Claim · model-written summary
BC+HC-2 protected radish from Cd and Pb toxicity better than either alone and increased biomass.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- BC+HC-2e0
- Outcome
- radish biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- other two treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BC+HC-2 had higher ability than the other two treatments to protect radish against Cd and Pb toxicity and increased radish biomass”
The same questions in other papers
biochar · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →biochar · nutrient: content · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
biochar · soil: chemistry · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.